Educational and psychological Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Educational and psychological Statistics - Essay Example A total of 101 students in 6 streams were selected as representative population. The students taking part in the study were at various levels of studies and of different sexes.   The sample was categorized into two namely, earners or maintainers. Maintainers started with high score but in the subsequent assignments, their scores were consistently reduced leading to negative motivation. Conversely, earners scores were increased each time an assignment was given. The research hypothesized that students who are subjected to subtraction of marks are highly motivated than the students who are constantly added marks. For purposes of this essay, six positive attributes namely; motivation, interest, participation, urge, inspiration and excitement about the course are used. The mean of each attribute is calculated for generalization purposes. Then the overall mean is computed to give the general feeling or attitude of students towards the course. Further suggestions on ways of improving the test are also made.A study or test is a systematic means of enquiry that employs the use of scientifically approved techniques to find answers to problems and attempt to solve them or come up with or complement existing knowledge. Studies critically examine situations, phenomena, problems and occurrences with a view of initiating certain actions. Therefore, it must be objective and free from prejudice and biasness. It involves gathering data, changing the data into meaningful form called information and deriving conclusions.... There are two major categories of studies namely quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative studies are concerned with numbers i.e. the variables are quantified e.g. marks scored by students in particular examinations. The answers in most instances are already been given and what the respondent is required to do is to tick the applicable case or choice. On the other hand qualitative studies focus on other factors which may be related to variable. This is done by allowing respondents to describe their views about the subject and therefore offers more flexibility. It must be noted that the two categories can be used together in one study. This is usually the case in many surveys. Data collection is an integral part of research. The value and credibility of a study relies on the methods and how data was collected. A poorly collected data carries significant errors resulting into rejection of results and therefore waste of resources. Therefore, the results of the test must be valid a nd reliable. The validity is checked by investigating whether the results actually measure what it claims to determine. The reliability is concerned about the reproducibility of the same results under same conditions but different administrations. Various methods of data collections exists but the choice of specific method depend on the type of study, available resources e.g. time, the volume of data to be collected and certain aspects of population among other reason. For instance, in a population where there is high illiteracy level using a self administered questionnaire is likely to generate flawed result because majorities do not know how to read or write. Conversely, if you want to extract large volume of information within a short time from educated

Management Accounting 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Accounting 3 - Essay Example Developed by Dr. Robert Kaplan of Harvard Business School and David Norton as a performance measuring framework which could have the capability to take into account the strategic vision and goals of the organization. It is also viewed as value methodology besides being considered cost benefit analysis tool however it is also being labeled as something which can help organizations to change value culture as well as improving operational efficiency and profitability of the organization. (Gumbus and Lussier). The need for developing a balanced score card emerges because though companies are good at developing the glossy mission and vision statements however they fail to develop operational strategies which can help achieve organizations those strategic goals and due to the lack of ability of the organizations to effectively measure whether they are achieving their strategic goals, and targets, organizations found Balanced Score card a very effective tool to measure and monitor their per formance against their strategic goals. Since a balanced score card connect various components of the organizational strategy making such as organizational resources, customers, people, operations, finance and the community also therefore Balanced Score Card is a very comprehensive strategic tool to manage above all. This essay will look into some of the key performance areas which a balanced score card look into and will review their usefulness in achieving the strategic goals within the context of a service organization. Balanced score card have evolved from being a simple performance measuring tool to one of the highly used strategic management tools organization could ever have. It tends to associate the non-financial aspects of the performance with the financial aspects and presents a broader and deeper view of the organizational performance and its relevance to the overall organizational strategy. Rather than being simply used as a performance measurement tool, it