Adoption of M

Adoption of M Executive Summary Current trends in education show that Mobile learning (M learning) has significantly redefined learning processes. However, at the heart of its adoption lie serious concerns about the benefits, limitations, and implications of M learning.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Adoption of M-learning Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explores these concerns by evaluating the issues that surround the adoption of M learning and its potential ramifications for students and educators. Based on the challenges and responses given by educators, regarding the adoption of M-learning, this paper predicts that more educators will adopt the M learning technology beyond the current integration of learning processes. Introduction Mobile services have increasingly become part of everyday life. Indeed, it is normal to see the dominance of technology on most aspects of human life. This trend has also g ripped the education sector because instructors and students today use technology to teach and learn. This trend has slowly crept into the education sector because technology today is more portable and affordable than in the past years. For example, many mobile devices, such as cell phones and PDAs, have increasingly become affordable and accessible to most people because their prices are relatively reasonable, as opposed to other technological device such as computers. It is for this reason that MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) say, â€Å"Features such as the facility to make phone calls, take pictures, record audio and video, store data, music, and movies, and interact with the Internet all provide opportunities that could be harnessed in the educational context† (p. 602). The availability of technology has brought new opportunities in learning, especially concerning the easy access to information communication technology (ICT). Mobile learning (M learning) is one such platform th at uses technological advancements to support learning. M learning involves the use of specialised technology such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile telephones, MP3 players, notebooks, tablets, handheld computers, iPads (and the likes) in learning. The adoption of M learning technology in education has brought significant changes, challenges, and opportunities in learning.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper explores some of these issues through a critical analysis of the benefits, implications, and ramifications of M learning. At the centre of this analysis is the technology acceptance model Technology Acceptance Model Many educators have used the technology acceptance model to evaluate the possible benefits of new technology in learning (Seliaman 2012). Many researchers have also advanced the technology acceptance model as a valuable tool in M learning research (Seliaman 2012). Its usefulness in the adoption of M learning especially surfaces here because the model evaluates how students accept and use M learning. The technology acceptance model suggests that many students are motivated to accept and use M learning because of its perceived benefits and ease of use (Seliaman 2012). The first criterion (perceived usefulness) was first described by Fred Davis as the ability of students to see how new technologies improve their learning processes (Lumsden 2011). Fred Davis also defines the second criterion (perceived ease of use) by suggesting that most students would be willing to accept new technology if they consider it to be free from effort (Abeka 2012). Kynslahti (2003) conducted a study to evaluate the significance of M learning in education by demonstrating that the M learning technology improved learning in three dimensions – convenience, expediency, and immediacy. Seppl Alamki (2003) compared these three dimensions to a different finding where they analysed the responses of trainee teachers regarding their perceived uses of M learning. The trainee teachers agreed with most of the findings proposed by Kynslahti (2003) when they admitted that M learning gave them a lot of convenience when teaching. They supported this claim by saying that M learning enabled them to manage their time better and more efficiently. For example, the teachers said M learning devices enabled them to work on trains or buses if they needed to write notes or share some information with their colleagues (Seppl Alamki 2003).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Adoption of M-learning Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The trainees also admitted that M learning devices provided them with expediency in teaching, especially because they could easily access the internet whenever and wherever they pleased. Relative to their claims, MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) add, â€Å"For example they could use the mobile devices when they were in the shops to check if there was a particular foodstuff at school, which was needed in a lesson on home economics. They were able to integrate technologies, whereby they could upload images from their mobile phones, rather than waiting to return to class to do so† (p. 603). Lastly, the trainees said that the greatest advantage they enjoyed from M learning was its immediacy (Seppl Alamki 2003). They mostly cited the fact that they could undertake most learning tasks immediately, without having to wait for an â€Å"appropriate† time to do so. For example, they said they could easily take pictures and share them with their colleagues in real-time. They also mentioned their contentment with the fact that M learning technologies helped them to make memos and share them, while observing other trainee lessons (Seppl Alamki 2003). The teachers therefore had no reservations regarding the technology. Gen erally, the technology acceptance model shows that the perceived benefits of M learning in education have a significant impact on the decision by teachers or students to embrace the technology in their learning processes. However, given the pivotal role that most educators have to play in learning, it is crucial to appreciate the power that most of these educators have in inhibiting or supporting the adoption of M learning technologies in education. It is also important to appreciate the familiarity of technology among most educators, although people should agree that this familiarity does not mean that all educators know how to integrate this new technology into their learning processes (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). It is for this reason that it is equally important to understand why educators may not openly incorporate technology in their teaching practicesAdvertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Barriers to the Adoption of M-learning MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) say many barriers prevent the complete adoption of M learning technologies. Broadly, the reasons for instructors and students to resist the adoption of new technology in learning may be widespread, but some issues are very specific to M learning. For example, some educators are not comfortable with using M learning technologies in the classroom. Such groups of educators may therefore be less inclined to adopt new technologies in the classroom. Some educators and students are also less enthusiastic to embrace new technology in their learning processes. These groups of people are also less likely to embrace the M learning technology. Lastly, another group of educators and students may not fully enjoy the benefits of M learning because of their failure to understand its benefits, or the lack of proper understanding regarding how M learning technologies work. Personal attitudes and preferences also have a significant role to play in understanding if people will adopt new technologies, or not. For example, research has proved that even though educators know the potential benefits of adopting M learning in the classroom, they need to have a strong personal conviction that they would be able to execute the new technologies in their learning processes. If they do not believe they can do so, they would be resistant to the technology. Relative to this assertion, MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) says â€Å"An educator that feels ill at ease when using ICT is typically the result of negative past experience, conversely an educator may feel at ease with ICT when they have had a positive personal experience using ICT and therefore, research shows that they would be more willing to include it into their teaching practices† (p. 603). Educators may however experience a change of belief and attitude when they face the challenge of adopting new technologies, but this change ought to happen in the context of past en counters, vicarious experiences, and social or cultural experiences with M learning (Abeka 2012). A positive experience with M learning may lead to increased enthusiasm to adopt the technology in education, while a negative experience with M learning may equally lead to increased opposition of the technology. MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) suggest that the measurement of a teacher’s personal belief about a new technology is therefore a reliable measure for the understanding of lasting changes of M learning in the classroom. New studies have also shown that an increased sense of proficiency in one technological medium of learning may also lead to the adoption of M learning, or similar technologies (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). In Caspi and Gorsky (2005), researchers showed that most teachers and students who were proficient in E-learning had a high likelihood of adopting other ICT tools in their learning processes. Overall, it is important to agree that the personal perception of ICT proficiency significantly determines the frequency that an educator, or a student, may use M learning in education. Nonetheless, it is unwise to use the attitude of an instructor, as the single most reliable indicator of the adoption of M-learning in education (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). Challenges Posed by M Learning While many studies have explored the potential benefits that M learning brings to education, other studies have also explored the potential challenges caused by M learning (especially how they significantly prevent their adoption in education) (Abeka 2012). For example, MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) single out the concept of mobility as a serious challenge posed by M learning. They say that even though many studies have shown that most teachers and students appreciate the mobility created by M-learning, this technological tool also allows students to associate external issues (outside the classroom) with their technological gadgets, thereby compromising the objectivity of t heir learning process (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). Indeed, â€Å"Inside the classroom, mobile devices provide students with the capabilities to link to activities in the outside world, albeit these activities do not correspond with either the teacher’s agenda or the curriculum† (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009, p. 610). This challenge dents the efficiency of conventional teaching practices. Another possible challenge that plagues the application of M learning technology is the informality that it introduces to education. People have regarded education as a highly formalised discipline that thrives on clearly defined rules of sourcing, retrieving, and analysing information. However, the M learning technology introduces informality to education, thereby undermining the formal structures that have traditionally characterised the education system (Seliaman 2012). This analysis does not however mean that the informality introduced by M-learning is a bad thing for education. However, any possible benefits that may be enjoyed through informality may be lost if the informality is allowed to characterise all aspects of education. For example, many students live in distinct social networks, but if technology undermines the existence of these networks, the students may oppose them. Another factor that may potentially prevent the smooth adoption of M learning stems from serious concerns expressed by Gong Wallace (2012) regarding the adoption of the technology in learning. One concern is the erosion of the collaborative environment that should characterise teacher-student interaction. According to Gong Wallace (2012), M learning decreases the level of interaction between students and their teachers. They also say that M learning prevents immediate feedback between students and teachers (Gong Wallace 2012). High school dropout rates are also common among students who use M learning technologies (Gong Wallace 2012). Besides these challenges, Gong Wallace (2012) add that â€Å"M learning also creates a time-place displacement that decreases communication, erodes social connections, and increases feelings of personal loneliness and depression† (p. 7). Moreover, some scholars have expressed concern that the widespread use of M learning may encourage plagiarism as students have an unlimited access to web materials that they may pass off as theirs (Banyard Underwood 2006). Additionally, Gong Wallace (2012) have little doubt that M learning causes identity reconstruction challenges, as it erodes the traditional face-to-face interaction model of learning. This is especially true because participants who use M learning may easily maintain anonymity as they use the technology. According to Gong Wallace (2012), the anonymity that M-learning supports in education may promote deception and antisocial behaviours in learning. Comparatively, Anderson Emmers-Sommer (2006) say face-to-face interactions in the classroom pose several advantages to stu dents and educators alike because face-to-face interactions are active and interactive (attributes that the M-learning model seeks to erode). Equally, Sherblom (2010) contends that â€Å"in M-learning, uncertainty reduction strategies are altered, both restricted and expanded, in ways that affect interpersonal impressions, communication, and relationships† (p. 497). Beyond the psychological limitations of adopting M learning, Gong Wallace (2012) say that the restrictions and challenges that characterise the use of M learning technologies are still apparent. Most of these restrictions and challenges stem from the uses, prices, and sizes of the technological gadgets used in M learning. A common concern that many educators have, is the quickly changing nature of technology (Gong Wallace 2012). Indeed, technological gadgets evolve quickly and one type of technology that may be useful this year may not be so useful in three or five years. Some people also consider some of the te chnological gadgets that most educators use in M learning as â€Å"expensive toys† (Gong Wallace 2012). This perception may affect the attitude of some students, or teachers, in adopting the technology in education. Additionally, some of the technologies used in M learning require high system requirements that may reduce their efficiency in the learning context. For example, Chen-Chung (2009) says, â€Å"The screens on handheld devices are designed for individual-user mobile applications. They may therefore constrain interaction among group learners† (p. 127). Lastly, Luminita (2010) observes that personal ownership in M learning is a key factor that supports the realisation of its learning benefits in the classroom (both personal and group learning may potentially lead to the realisation of these benefits). Some of these benefits may be tangible or intangible. However, personal ownerships of M-learning devices pose the greatest benefits in learning. Certainly, if all students own an M learning device, they can easily explore the benefits of the device, beyond the realms of the classroom setup. However, institutional ownerships of these devices pose a challenge to the realisation of these benefits because students do not own the M learning devices (personally). Conclusion This paper mainly takes a keen interest in the adoption of M learning from an educator’s point of view because educators are usually the primary point of contact with students. Educators also experience the support and barriers to the adoption of the new technology first hand. Currently, many of these educators have embraced M learning through a simplistic version of integrating education processes. However, the potential for M learning exists beyond the realms of integrating educational processes. For example, the use of M learning for SMS notification and quiz distribution is a very limited application of the technology. This limited application of M learning may stem from the potential limitations of the technology, or the fact that its application is still very â€Å"young† and fragile. Indeed, M-learning is a relatively new technology in learning, but the success or failure of its adoption will largely depend on the ability of educators and students to see its benefits (at least according to the technology acceptance model). The experience, attitude, and perception of the new technology will also play an instrumental role in ascertaining if students and educators will adopt the M learning technology successfully, or not. However, as more researchers continue to explore the benefits and implications for the adoption of the new technology, there is a high likelihood that many educators may appreciate the full benefits of adopting M-learning in education. References Abeka, S 2012, An Investigation Of Factors Influencing Corporate Customers Acceptance Of Internet Banking: A Case Study Of East African Trade Finance Customers, GRIN Verlag, Mu nchen. Anderson, L Emmers-Sommer, M 2006, ‘Predictors of relationship satisfaction in online romantic relationships’, Communication Studies, vol. 57 no. 1, pp. 153-172. Banyard, P Underwood, J 2006, ‘Do enhanced communication technologies inhibit or facilitate self-regulated learning’, European Journal of Education, vol. 41 no. 3, pp. 473- 489. Caspi, A Gorsky, P 2005, ‘Instructional media choice: Factors affecting the preferences of distance education coordinators’, Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 169-198. Chen-Chung, L 2009, ‘Analysis of peer interaction in learning activities with personal handhelds and shared displays’, Journal of Educational Technology Society, vol. 12 no. 3, pp. 127-142. Gong, Z Wallace, J 2012, ‘A Comparative Analysis of iPad and Other M-learning Technologies: Exploring Students’ View of Adoption, Potentials, and Challenges’, Journal of Literacy a nd Technology, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 2-27. Kynslahti, H 2003, Mobile Learning, IT Press, Helsinki. Luminita, S 2010, ‘Internet-a new way of training, designing an e-learning platforms’,  Young Economist Journal, vol. 11 no. 1, pp. 151-158. Lumsden, J 2011, Human-Computer Interaction and Innovation in Handheld, Mobile and Wearable Technologies, Idea Group Inc (IGI), New York. MacCallum, K Jeffrey, L 2009, Identifying discriminating variables that determine  mobile learning adoption by educators: An initial study. Web. Seliaman, S 2012, ‘Mobile Learning Adoption in Saudi Arabia’, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 69 no. 1, pp. 391-393. Seppl, P Alamki, H 2003, ‘Mobile learning in teacher training’, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 330-335. Sherblom, J 2010, ‘The computer-mediated communication (CMC) classroom: a challenge of medium, presence, interaction, identity, and relationshipâ€℠¢, Communication Education, vol. 59 no. 4, pp. 497-523.

Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca

Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca Resort description Resort All Inclusive is a 3-stars hotel that recently entered the Mediterranean Basin hotel industry. The hotel is strategically located at Mallorca Island. The hotel industry in Mallorca has been characterized by rampant growth over the past decades as a result of increment in the rate of tourism in the region (Buswell, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decision to locate the resort at Mallorca was motivated by the need to exploit the tourism resources in the Mediterranean Basin. According to Buswell (2009), Mallorca is characterized by physical resources that are significant in development of tourism. The main resources include beaches, vegetation and fascinating mountains. To attract both local and international customers, Resort All Inclusive is committed at ensuring that client s attain a high level of customer satisfaction. To attract and accommodate a large number of customers, the resort has 4 buildings that have a total of 600 rooms. The rooms are specially designed and furnished to give an appealing ambience. Jenkins and Pigram (2006) are of the opinion that resorts should offer a range of leisure, shopping, transport, recreation, accommodation and entertainment facilities. Inclusion of these components is fundamental in attracting and retaining tourists. This arises from the fact that customers have diverse tastes and preferences. Firms’ management team should undertake a comprehensive market research in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of customer needs. The research should focus on both the consumer and the competitor. The resort has incorporated a number of entertainment facilities which include a football courtyard, table tennis, 4 swimming pools, a volleyball court and a mini golf court. Additionally, the resort is also cons tituted of 3 restaurants, 1 oriental thematic restaurant, 3 bars, a pizzeria, snack bar and a barbecue.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate mission Most businesses derive their success from adhering to the set objectives and principles outlined in their mission statement. The mission statement guides the various activities undertaken by businesses (Kazmi, 2008). In the course of its operation, the resort is guided by an effective mission that entails providing unique hospitality experience to customers. The resort intends to achieve this by offering high quality services to customers in addition to promoting a business environment that is fosters a high level of friendship, openness and comfort. To improve its public image, the resort has incorporated the principles of environmental responsibility and sustainability. Objectives and goals One of the aspects th at the resort’s management team has identified being critical in its quest to attain competitiveness entails creating sufficient market awareness. Consequently, the resort intends to develop a comprehensive marketing campaign. The campaign is aimed at attaining a number of financial and non-financial objectives as outlined below. To provide the resort’s owners with reasonable return on their investment. The firm intends to achieve this by increasing the firm’s sales revenue with a margin of 20% within one year after launching the marketing campaign. To continuously increase the resort’s growth in sales revenue during the summer and winter months and attain global market awareness in 3 years. To create new revenue opportunities by diversifying its source markets. To double the size of customer base within 5 years. Segmentation, targeting and positioning According to Jenkins and Pigram (2006) market segmentation is ranked amongst the most important strate gic management concepts in marketing. Segmentation entails dividing the entire market into small and distinct components depending on variables such as buyer characteristics and customer requirements (Havaldar, 2010). Market segmentation is very important in ensuring that a particular firm effectively addresses the target market needs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the ways through which market segmentation achieves this is by formulate effective marketing strategies. There are various variables that firms can use in the process of segmenting the market. One category of variables includes demographic variables. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2008) define targeting to include the process of assessing the most optimal market segment to select. Upon determining the segmentation and targeting stra tegies to be incorporated, it is fundamental for marketing managers to ensure that a clear and appropriate image with regard to the firm and its products or services is developed amongst consumers. To achieve this, marketing managers are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that effective positioning strategies are incorporated. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2008) further define positioning as ‘the process of designing distinctive offerings and images for target markets’ (p. 261). Over the past decade, Mallorca hotel industry has become very competitive. Intense competition is mainly evident in the 3-star sector. According to Buswell (2009), 55.2% of hotels in Mallorca were 3-star hotels. However, by 2008, the number of 3-star hotels had declined to 52.8%. This shows that 3-star hotels have lost some ground. One of the factors that have led to decline in the number of 3-star hotels relates to emergence of 5-star hotels which have gained substantial publicity. However, their market share is relatively small (Buswell, 2009) Considering the above changes in the hotel industry, it is important for the resorts’ management team to institute effective segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To attain competitiveness, Resort All Inclusive has adopted demographic variables in segmenting the market. Segmentation will aid in determination of the most effective methods to incorporate in its marketing campaign. The firm segmented the market on the basis of social class. The three main social class constructs that will be considered include lifestyle, income and occupation. To increase its profitability, Resort All Inclusive will target tourists, the business community and visiting business travellers in the Island. The resort will also target high-end consumers who have a relatively high income and have incorporated leisure in their consumption process. To maximize sales revenue, the resort will target both domestic and international tourists. To appeal to a large number of potential customers within the target customer groups, the resort has developed an effective positioning strategy. The positioning strategy entails differentiating the services provided thus increasing th e probability of customers attaining exceptional experiences. Exceptional value will be attained by incorporating the concept of value addition. The resort intends to position itself as a 3-star plus hotel that is strategically located and committed towards provision of differentiated services that will lead in customers feeling respected, appreciated and valued. According to O’Quinn, Allen and Semenik (2009), advertising campaigns are fundamental components in firm’s effort to create awareness of their brand. Advertising campaign Resort All Inclusive; â€Å"Stay Resort All Inclusive, Go Everywhere†. â€Å"Go Chill†, â€Å"Go Foodie† and â€Å"Go Refresh†. Media plan The firm appreciates the importance of incorporating an effective media plan in the advertising campaign. According to Drewniany and Jewler (2008), hoteliers should undertake an optimal selection of the media to use in the advertising campaign in order to achieve the intended o bjectives. The campaign will be conducted through both traditional and emerging advertising mediums. Some of the traditional mediums used include posting the advertising message in travel magazines, business dailies and newspapers. To appeal to customers, the firm posts the ad message and images on bill boards that are strategically located. The message is also conveyed to customers through television and radio adverts. The adverts are also posted on the firm’s website and social media such as You Tube and Facebook in order to reach a large number of potential customers. The media plan used by the firm has been very effective in attracting customers. This arises from the fact that it effectively communicates the unique quality of products and services offered at the hotel. By patronising the hotel, customers are guaranteed maximum satisfaction. The satisfaction is derived from the wide range of products offered. Different foods and drinks that are prepared by qualified chefs are offered in the 3 restaurants in the resort. Consequently, customers’ tastes and preferences are taken into consideration. The hotel rooms will be fitted with necessary technologies such as Wi-Fi, and free internet in order to cater the needs of business customers and tourists. In effort to appeal to a large number of potential customers, Resort All Inclusive has also adopted use of video in its media plan. The firm posts videos and images of the hotel and the products provided on various mediums such as magazines newspapers, it official website, You Tube and Facebook. Posting images and videos related to Resort All Inclusive products and services such as the sporting facilities, foods and drinks on the internet significantly influences the target customers in their decision making process. The hotel room image below is one of the images posted on the firm’s website, Facebook and You Tube. This plays a significant role in attracting potential customers by appealing their emotion. Public relations campaign In addition to the ad campaign Resort All Inclusive is committed at developing a strong customer relationship. Gregory (2000) asserts that public relation campaigns are fundamental in developing customer relationship. Considering the fact that the resort is located along the Mallorca Beach, the hotel hosts kite surfing events dubbed ‘Resort All Inclusive, Leisure with a difference†. The event is usually held during the summer and winter seasons. The event is comprised of various surface water sports which include paragliding, windsurfing, extreme sports, gymnastics and wakeboarding. The event attracts different water sports fans within and without Mallorca. Additionally, the hotel also hosts other sports events such as football, table tennis and tennis. Some of the celebrities that the events attract include Roger Federer and Rafa Nadal. The celebrities play an important role in endorsing the event. In the process of making their consumption decisions, consumers are influenced by celebrities. This explains why Resort All Inclusive has appreciated the importance of endorsements of its products and services by renowned celebrities. The event is very famous that it attracts both domestic and international sports journalists who cover the event. Consequently, the resort has been able to develop sufficient market awareness both domestically and internationally. Upon introducing new products and services or improving the existing products, Resort All Inclusive conducts press conferences. The press conference is aimed at creating awareness to target customers regarding the new products and the improvement undertaken. In the press conference, Resort All Inclusive explains the benefits that customers will derive by consuming the new products or services. Both domestic and international journalists are invited in order to create awareness to large number potential customers. According to Marchand (2000), press confere nces are an important element in firm’s promotional and public relations efforts. To improve its effectiveness in developing a strong customer relationship, the resort also undertakes electronic public relations campaign. To achieve this, the firm has developed a Wiki and a Blog through it interacts with its customers. These tools provide customers with an opportunity to communicate their opinion regarding the services provided by the firm. On the other hand, Resort All Inclusive is able to clarify various issues that arise from the market. Consequently, Resort All Inclusive is able to access market sentiments hence undertaking the necessary product and service improvements. Upon launching an advertising campaign and public relations campaign, the resort’s management team objective is for the campaign to run for one year. It is the objective of Resort All Inclusive management team that one year is sufficient to create the desired level of market awareness. However, the firm is cognisant of the need to ensure that consumers are constantly informed. Consequently, the firm allocates a substantial amount of money in its budget for the campaign. In this campaign, the firm has allocated $2 million to cater for the campaign. Despite the cost involved, the advertising campaign is very effective in enhancing the firm’s long term survival (O’Guinnn, 2009). Conclusion There is a high probability of Resort All Inclusive succeeding in attaining a substantial market share in the 3-star hotel industry in Mallorca. This arises from the fact that the firm is committed at creating sufficient market awareness. The advertising and public relations campaign have been very effective in influencing the consumers in their decision making process. From the analysis conducted, it is evident that Resort All Inclusive hotel is committed at increasing its sales revenue by undertaking a comprehensive advertising and public relations campaign. The objective of th e ad campaign adopted by the resort will enable the firm to continuously develop sufficient level of market awareness amongst the target customer groups. The firm will derive its success from the effectiveness with which it creates market awareness. By adopting the above advertising campaign, there is likelihood that the resort will attract both domestic and foreign customers. This arises from the fact that the resort will continuously appeal to its target customer groups hence influencing their purchase decisions. The use of traditional and emerging marketing communication mediums will create awareness to a large number of potential customers. Consequently, the firm will increase its customer base. The public relations campaigns will improve the effectiveness with which the firm interacts with its customers. The sporting event attracts numerous sports athletes and fans hence improving the resorts publicity. To determine the effectiveness of the advertising campaign, Resort All Incl usive undertakes continuous review of the campaign. The review aids Resort All Inclusive in the process of making the necessary adjustments hence improving its effectiveness. Reference List Buswell, R. (2009). Mallorca and tourism. History, economy and environment. Mallorca: Channel View Publications. Drewniany, B. Jewler, J. (2008). Creative strategy in advertising. New York: Cengage. Gregory, A. (2000). Planning and managing public relations campaign. New York: Kogan Page. Havaldar, K. (2010). Business marketing: text and cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Jenkins, J. Pigram, J. (2006). Encyclopaedia of leisure and outdoor recreation. New York: Routledge. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy: Text  and cases. London: Prentice Hall. Kazmi, A. (2008). Strategic management and business policy. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Education. Marchand, D. (2000). Competing with information. New York: John Wiley and Sons. O’Guinnn, T., Allen, C. Semenik, R. (2009). Advertising and integrated brand  promotion. Mason, OH: Cengage.

Television advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Television advertising - Essay Example ising is almost similar to radio advertising only that it combines audio and visual information; a typical television advertisement would be ten to sixty seconds in duration (Entrepreneur, 2014). Television advertisements are often placed at strategic breaks in the course of the main programming as well as in the course of the last few minutes until the top of the next hour. For instance, a television advertisement broadcast during a live event such as the Olympics or the Super Bowl attracts the attention of billions of potential customers. Television commercials are generally more expensive to produce and broadcast compared to other advertising options but is more appealing to audiences and reaches a broader audience simultaneously since they are both audio and visual. Given that individuals spend at least four hours in front of the television and a majority of households own a T.V. set, television advertising remains one of the most effective marketing approaches, the prevalence of new media platforms notwithstanding. Television advertising entails two main tasks including creating a commercial that is acceptable by broadcasters on the basis of outlined broadcast standards as well as placing the advertisement strategically to reach the largest number of viewers possible. The intricacy of television advertising requires the professional input of production companies and advertising agencies with appropriate experience in the two tasks outlined above. Television advertisements increasingly feature songs or specific musical themes that are designed to hook audiences and to be memorable so that they can remain in the minds of the audience even long after the ad campaign has passed. Many television ads also exploit humour as a creative tool, since it is strongly associated with advertising persuasion; psychologists have attempted, in numerous studies, to explain the impact of humour on advertising persuasion. Headquartered in Germany’s city Bonn, T-Mobile

The growth of modern street gangs and police enforcement on gangs Term Paper

The growth of modern street gangs and police enforcement on gangs - Term Paper Example The big concern is that outside the United States, terrorists like al-Qaida are not killing people, but gang violence is killing many people every single day (Larry, 2007). Like most other indicators of criminal activity, gang related homicides decreased in the late 1990s. The trend has reversed itself in the 2000s, however: between 1999 and 2002, gang violence increased by over fifty percent. According to the US Department of justice, there are over thirty thousand criminal gangs with close to a million members in the United States. A street gang refers to any group of people who form an allegiance for a common purpose and engage in violent, unlawful, or criminal activity. The department of justice further estimates that the Los Angeles metropolitan area alone is home to over seven hundred gangs, with over hundred thousand members (Larry 2007). This group is responsible for half of the city’s homicides. Like all other upsurges in violent gang activity over the past several de cades, particularly in the late 1980s, the current increase is closely related to the illegal drug trade and use of firearms to protect the trade. The difference, according to some experts, is that more people are becoming involved in gangs for purely economic reasons, rather than the cultural or territorial motives that have traditionally fuelled gang membership. One in every three gangs runs drug-dealing operations. In addition, some researchers believe that some gangs have superior weapons than most police forces, making it very difficult for the law enforcers to control their activities. Although superior gangs, such as the Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings and Gangster Disciples are still responsible for their share of gang-related criminal activity in the United States, a relative newcomer has gained the attention of the law enforcement community because of its rapid growth and brutality. To escape the violence, thousands of immigrants fled to the United States, particularly to Los A ngeles. Their children found themselves easy prey to the existing local gangs and formed the MS-13 as a protective measure. The gang soon became involved in crime rings of its own, and the authorities responded by deporting the members - and their violent gang culture-en masse back to Central America. A large number of its members now operate in El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico, where they have killed thousands of people over the last decade. MS-13, in particular, has gained reputation of attacking the wives and other family members of rivals. In 2003, the El Salvadorian government responded with a legislation, which makes gang membership illegal. Furthermore, as part of operations to eliminate the gang, Salvadoran police gained the freedom to arrest anyone they thought was a gang member, often based on nothing more than suspects clothing and tattoos (Bruce 1999). This legislation led to deadly reactions from the gang in protest. On December 23 2004, some six gang member s boarded a bus in the northern city of San Pedro Sula and killed twenty-eight passengers, including six children, in protest to the crackdown. The law enforcement measures have been very popular with the populace; however, gang activity dropped significant following their implementation. American law enforcement agencies cannot respond with a similar operation. Under most circumstances, the fourth amendment

Radioactive materials and other polutants in water sources Research Paper

Radioactive materials and other polutants in water sources - Research Paper Example Water pollution is the term that refers to the contamination of water bodies, which include: lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater. Water pollution is caused by pollutants which are discharged either directly or indirectly into the water bodies without proper treatment for the removal of the harmful components. Water pollution affects plants and other living organisms that are present in water bodies; the effect of water pollution is not only damaging individual species and populations, but in fact the natural biological communities as well. Surface waters are referred to as natural water resources or the Earth. Surface water pollution is divided into two major categories: point sources and non-point sources. Point source pollution is where pollution is caused from a single source and can also be identified. Non-point source pollution is where pollution is not caused by just one source in fact; it is the diffused contamination that occurs from different sources rather than just one. (Water Pollution Guide) There are many causes for water pollution. The first major water pollution pollutant is sewage and wastewater. Activities such as domestic work, industrial and agricultural practices produce wastewater which then pours in the clean water stream and contaminates it. Sewages water contains pollutants such as faeces, urine and laundry wastes. The world population has reached 7 billion, therefore, sewage treatment is vital and population is like to grow hence we need to take of this cause or there will be ever-increasing water pollution. Sewage is a major problem especially in the developing countries where they do not have access to good sanitary conditions and safe water. Untreated sewage causes diseases such as diarrhea. Sewage is mainly biodegradable but sometimes is contains chemicals and pharmaceutical substances, sewage also contains viruses and bacteria thus causing health problems. (Fuller) Another major cause of water pollution is marine dumping. Marine dumping is when humans d ump garbage into the sea or ocean. This then causes the water to directly become polluted. This is a major problem throughout the world and the developing countries in particular. Since developing countries do not have a proper waste disposal system then the people dump their waste into the sea. For instance Karachi, a city in Pakistan, used to attract high numbers of tourist because of their geographical location that has more than 6 beaches. However, due to marine dumping tourism in that region has dropped tremendously in that region. Different items take different times to degrade in water, some take a shorter time for instance cardboard – two days, and some take a very long time for instance plastic packaging material – about 400 years. (Fuller) One more major cause of water pollution is industrial water and waste. Industrial waste is a huge cause of water pollution because it produces pollutants that are very harmful and dangerous to the people and the environment . Many industrial facilities use fresh water as a source to wash and carry their waste out of their vicinity into different water bodies. There are ample amounts of industrial pollutants. First is asbestos. Asbestos is carcinogenic and is a serious health hazard. It can be inhaled and can cause deadly diseases such as lung,

Impact Of Social Networking On Customer Relationship Management Marketing Essay

Impact Of Social Networking On Customer Relationship Management Marketing Essay Abstract-Dealing over the Internet is becoming extremely important. Now the organisations have a tremendous opportunity through using the internet by specifies how to increase revenue and how it can reduce the cost of sales through using the Internet power. Internet at the present time is not just an additional business channel, but even more, it is a strategic business channel through which organisations can showcase their products and services. E-Business Relationship Management, Customer Relationship Management is managing of all customers and business partners through the Internet and social networking. It is not anything else but the management of customer relationships, which contains two of the scenarios, Business to consumer scenario and Business to Business scenario. Customer Relationship Management is the strategic process to put the customers in the middle of the business world. CRM is the solution that will give the organisation all the necessary information for successful managing the customers. Index Terms-Customer relationship management, E-business, Social networking. INTRODUCTION THE Social community sites have now become available to the mainstream and individuals as from over the world have adopted this new phenomenon in the making and sharing of content. When this phenomenon started, the small online communities were the leaders of social community sites and are partly responsible for their extraordinary growth. Nowadays, social community has become one of the most popular applications on the Internet since the burst of the dot-com bubble (Chan, 2007). Also many social community sites surpass even the great Google in page hits in 2006. In addition some social community sites are targeting the business community. This tendency makes viable new business models that are semi-private and by subscription only. New e-commerce benefits to the side, the popularity of these sites have seriously heightened the threats of criminal elements, such as predators, hackers and copyright violators lurking in them. Introduction to CRM in the context of e-business Organisations are facing rapid paced changes in their business environment and this change relates to evolving customer needs, evolving technologies for meeting customer needs. Change is the only constant in an organizations life (Drucker, 1992). using technology able the companies to applied the automation in trading area this new technique leads the markets to create new policy to customer relationship management in old days markets used face to face trading thats mean you should be in the store and the body language and speaking with the worker will motivate you to buy or not, put in the now trading approach no need for being in hand, its the on-line business method. Now by changing the over all paying method from physical to virtual thats mean you should change your CRM policy and create now aides to managing customer relationships by using technology in e-business. Customer relationship management has many definitions and thats referred to the researchers or organisations view; Customer relationship management is neither a concept nor a project. Instead, its a business strategy that aims to understand, anticipate and manage the needs of an organisations current and potential customers. It is a journey of strategic, process, organisational and technical change whereby a company seeks to better manage its own enterprise around customer behaviours (Brown, 2000). In general from the definitions, CRM created to managing the customer files which contain basic information about the clients to understand and predict the customer needs and the customer behaviours. In accordance to Gefen and Ridings (2002), Can be divided the CRM into three functional categories and that is operational, analytical and collaborative CRM. Operational CRM category, as well-known as front-office CRM, Enables and simplifies communication and areas which involve direct contact with customers occur, such as e-mail promotion (Romano, 2003). Operational CRM efforts to provide smooth integration of back-office processes with customer interfaces and described CRM products on the market. Analytical CRM category, as well-known as back-office CRM, regards understanding the activities of customer that happened in front office and enable an organisation to analyse customer relationships using data mining to increase loyalty and profitability (Gefen and Ridings, 2002). Collaborative CRM category, a centre of communication and coordination network that provides the tracks for customer and supplier (Schubert Koch, 2002); It can also mean the channels of communication such as the Internet or e-mail or voice applications. Customer Relationship Management, which contains two scenarios, Business to Consumer scenario (B2C) and Business to Business scenario (B2B). From compared B2B scenario and B2C scenario will be noted that B2B closing with a supplier-vendor relationships based on history, performance and trust as well as after-sales service is of great importance; B2C market may a small but fast growing and require different kinds of relationships, information and communication approaches (Zeng and Wen Yen, 2003), B2C relationships are usually of shorter duration with shorter sales cycles and more transactions driven. B2C consumer may be seeking a combination of comfort, price and capabilities of product. The information collected around the consumer usually include demographics, past and present purchase behaviour, psychographics and preferences. A new expression for taking care of customers over the Internet, eCRM, is applied lately by some organisational and academic societies (Ragins and Greco, 2003). Social networking revolution and implications for business Humans in all cultures form complex social networks; the expression social network at this point means ongoing relations between people who are engaged in the group, either for particular reasons (such as fantasy basketball, diabetes support groups) or for more general expressions (like families, friends, social clubs). Membership of these networks may be relatively permanent (like extended families) which couldnt be changed. Or flexible (like club support groups) which may be changed. Studying social networks, makes interaction between individuals, has been considered as a main research topic in sociology (Wasserman, 1994). Many theoretical models were built to study such models and later on and Based on computerized data capability of managing large data, it is possible now to analyze real social networks that were purely theoretical researches. Boyd Introduced the following description for Social Networking Sites as, Social network sites as web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system (Boyd, 2007). Building online communities of people who wish to share interests, knowledge and/or activities, or who are concerned in exploring the interests, knowledge and activities of others. Social networking websites not only allow the ability for persons to communicate with each other but too enable persons to find individuals with the same of interest. Once they find out each other, members can form specific societies On the basis of their mutual interests. Social networking websites continues to growing up in popularity, companies can no longer only rely on traditional methods (print, radio, television, etc.) to impose the public perception of their products. On the contrary, these new channels of communication too provide organisations means to discover and maintain a persistent contact with their constituents of the most vocal. This information can be harnessed by organisations to use social networks to help consumers identify the most influential and participate in the campaign of product development, and improve the feeling of the brand. Finally the organisation marketing and services efforts can be enhanced by social networking. But to take advantage of social networks in a manner consistent, sustainable and open for analysis, the organisations need to customer relationship management solutions that present the right capabilities. The organisation that will enable individuals to build relationships and societies at the most easily way with other they trust, that organisation will win. The powerful idea in social networks is the concentration on making geographic place irrelevant. Social Community recognizes that people love to connect with people similar to them. But it may be more powerful if people use these communities and making them. Relation between Social network and E-commerce Sinha and Swearingen (2001) found that customers are more likely to accept recommendations and suggestions from other people they know and trust, for example family members or friends, rather than from automated systems in E-commerce websites. In reality, people decision when buying a product is strongly affected by his or her friend and business partner more than strangers. Also communities on the Web allow the users to express their personal choices and to share their recommendations. Social network sites become an opening point for Web users who are interested in E-commerce. Therefore, E-commerce corporations may take this advantage to increase their sales and support consumer relationship management. Many social network sites have been so attractive recently for a huge number of people. For example Facebook site has gathered around 47 million very active customers in the last three years, according to Shuen (2008), who argues that Facebook is the social network advertising platform. The importance value of these installed base over 47 million free users is immediately monetized via target advertising revenues. The writer maintains that the transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 has been marked with the dynamism and interaction of participants. She rightly notes that Techniques, architectures, and technologies that combined to trigger a phase transition, from a Web 1.0 technology collection of static websites to a Web 2.0 technology platform for anew generation of social dynamic web applications and services. The author further argues that Billions of clicks per day contribute to the collectivist Web and a rethinking of ourselves via sharing, collaborating and trading. THE Impact of social networking on e-CRM A main topic of debate between customer management and business, attention process leaders right now is making sure the business value of social CRM. The techniques and technologies of social are proliferating rapidly. Recent survey of 286 companies displays that while only 21% have established, for instance, customer community interaction sites, an amazing additional 42% are piloting or interested in executing customer communities (Forrester, 20009). Another Forrester research also spotlights that the ROI for social media applied to specific use cases, like customer service, can be attractive. (Forrester, 2009) Cutting through all the hype, companies are challenged to make difficult decisions around the level of investment they should work in Social Computing technologies such as wikis, blogs, forums, tools for customer feedback, social networking websites and customer community platforms. And they need to know how these advanced capabilities should be and how it can be integrated and structured with their transactional CRM systems. To understand this, Forrester defines e-CRM to the key of technologies that support the business processes and procedures for targeting, acquiring, retaining, understanding, and very importantly collaborating socially with customers (Forrester, 2008). The phenomenon of the social networking which is forcing business process to expand the thinking beyond the target of optimizing a two-way relationship between the companies and customer to also include the synchronise interactions that customers have between themselves. CRM is improving from its traditional concentrate on optimizing customer-facing transactional operations to include the strategies and technologies to evolve collaborative and social relations with customers, suppliers, and even competitors See the below figure (Forrester, 2008) Fig. 1. Old world and new world (social relations with customers, suppliers, and even competitors). In this new world (simultaneous and collaborative relationships), traditional CRM solutions will continue to gathering data for customer, analysis that data, and automate workflows to improve business processes. But business process must search for new and innovative solutions to engage with emerging social consumers, enhance the customer experience and knowledge through architect solutions and fundamental community-based interactions that are flexible, support and foster strong intra-organization and client collaboration. So in order to innovate the e-CRM and make the benefits of the social community, the following points may be used: Initiate e-CRM experiments immediately, specify a near-term opportunity to apply e-CRM viewpoints to a customer-facing challenge at company; Building some practical experience that will get out of old mindsets. Refine the strategies later as new insights emerge. Define social customer objectives, of the most important decision is not what the technique or technology to use; the most important is specifying what are trying to achieve and how the plan to modify and change relationships with customers. Map out e-CRM capabilities-building plan, the social CRM plan should be tightly related to business objectives, focused on customer benefits, clearly determine the processes and procedures that will be affected, and identify the associated information and capabilities required. Social networking application with exploring opportunities, benefits and risks The future of the advertising is personal. This not only means personalised in the sense that companies can prepare of custom messages to individual customers, but also personalised in the sense that product recommendations, tips and notes come directly from friends, for friends. The early examples of this new type of advertisement are called virtual marketing campaigns on the World Wide Web: the company may leak some apparently unauthorized pictures, videos, or specifications of a soon-to-be released product such as blog, that is mean the information will spreads quickly by word of mouth on all over the world. Companies such as Amazon, Netflix, ebay and Tripadvisor have popular and powerful marketing tools in the case of the Amazon website it concerns books and videos, in the case of Tripadvisor concerns hotels and restaurants, where customers write the shows of the products they liked or disliked. In that way, additional to advertisement and the mission of marketing department the company can rely on first-hand experiences through previous customers. Social networking websites take this approach additional one point: instead of receiving reviews and other information about the products from third parties is not known, consumers receive related information about the product such as experience reports or buying decisions from people they know like a friends. Facebooks Beacon program was attempt at implementing such a word-of-mouth or whats on your mind? campaign tool in a social networking website: As soon as a user of Facebook would buy an item from online shop such as buy a book at Amazon all of her friends on Facebook would be told her friends about that in the form of a status message. This allowed to easily staying up to date about friends shopping behaviors. The Facebook developer launched the Like button, Visitors may now declares their sympathy with a company or product simply by pressing the (conspicuously placed) like button. This predilection is then communicated not exclusive to the visitors entire social network website, but also to all the companies participating in the Facebook advertising platform. So the Companies may take advantage of this property by create application on the Facebook website and that will publish on all over the world and the users can see that and press on Like buttons or participate in the group and be a member and this allows the visitors to feed information into Facebook. According to Nicole, et al. (2007), in these days social networking websites have become powerful tools for customer through acquisition and retention, employee recruiting. And these form one of opportunities and benefit for social networking. Virtual Marketing also enter new dimensions through the use of social networks, With social networks, a virtual marketing campaign can rapidly and easily establish interest groups for recently launched products or upcoming events. So far, few commercial heavyweights can bear not to have appearance in these social networks (Livingstone, 2008). The customer relationship management based mainly on information and data customers, providing social networking sites a huge database can be managed through CRM. Through the social network website may the companies advertising that is product and that will reduces the cost and reach to all customer in easy way. According to Fogel and Nehmad (2008), of the most important things that constitute a risk to social networks is the information privacy and perceptions about the security of personal data, lack of interest in the field of technology from some of the people and belief that it is only for young people, perceptions about its value, truth of the information or lack of it, lack of understanding how to use these websites and lack of interest in contacting and sharing knowledge. Conclusion The most important for CRM in e-Business objectives is reduce the cost and time-saving and that happen through using the technology revolution such as social networking website and knowledge sharing and understand customer buying behavior by collect and analysis the information of customer. eCRM is not created to change the marketing however instead to enhance it, eCRM tools available to marketing manager to help them to achieve their goals and objectives. eCRM and marketing manager together can successfully carry out new products and launch new marketing campaigns to satisfy customer needs and wants. With many of the features intrinsic of embracing social networking websites and other social media channels of communication, companies need to carefully assess not solely the opportunities of such a move, but must also face the risks.

Acceptance of Electronic Tax Filing System Essay

LITERATURE REVIEW Governments around the world are started relying on e-government system such as e-filing system to improve their efficiency and effectiveness in tax return. The number of literatures is getting more on e-filing system. According to Azmi and Bee (2010), Azmi et al. (2012), Fu et al. (2006), Schaupp et al. (2010) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010), they assessed the acceptance intention of the e-filing system by using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the previous literatures, the determinants of e-filing tax system in the TAM which widely used are perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Besides the technology adoption determinants, perceived risk is also an important prediction that used to examine the attitude of taxpayers toward e-filing tax system. In the five existing literatures and studies, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk are the determinants of variables which used to measure and examine the intention of use or behavioral intention. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Perceived usefulness is defined as the user’s perception of the probability of using a system will increase his or her job performance and perceived ease of use is defined as the perception of the degree of effort the user needs to use the system (Azmi and Bee, 2010; Fu et al., 2006). Perceived risk is defined as the perception of the amount of loss or uncertainty that a user will encounter while pursuing a desired outcome (Ng and Bee. 2010; Fu et al, 2006; Schaupp et al., 2010). From the mentioned literature, the other factors which used to examine the intention to use included subjective norms/social influence (Fu et al., 2006; Schaupp et al., 2010), self-efficacy (Fu et al, 2006), facilitating conditions (Fu et al., 2006; Schaupp et al., 2010; Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman, 2010), amount of information (Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman, 2010) and optimism bias (Schaupp et al., 2010). Based on the findings, all the results show that the intention of use of e-filing system was largely driven by perceived usefulness. This result  indicates that the behavioral intention of users will increase when perceived usefulness increase because taxpayers would like to have a system which is useful to them. Past researches were inconsistent on whether perceived ease of use was significant positively influence the intention of use. Azmi and Bee (2010) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010) found that perceived ease of use was positively affected behavioral intention. On the other hand, Azmi et al. (2012), Fu et al. (2006) and Schaupp et al. (2010) shows that perceived ease of use was negatively affected behavioral intention which was insignificant influence. The contrary results might reveal some taxpayers do not think that an easy system could affect their intention to use e-filing system because they might have their own point of view. While some other taxpayers would like to have an easier system to assist them in dealing with tax return. According to Azmi and Bee (2010), Azmi et al. (2012) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010), they found that perceived ease of use has the significant positive influence on perceived usefulness. This justifies that a user-friendly system is considered as useful system to consumers.

Effects of Job Rotation Essay

Discuss the various issues of managerial behaviour and related matters raised by this case study Laurie J. Mullins argues that A fist step in the effective management of other people is confidence in your own ability, and awareness of your own strengths and weaknesses. Why is it then that managers find it difficult to admit their mistakes, to say sorry or to laugh at themselves? 1 In the building society case study, there are examples of bad managerial behaviour on the part of both Mary Rodgers, the branch manager and Jane Taylor, the senior branch assistant. Jane Taylor was clearly good at her job if, after four years, she was promoted to this new role, yet within a short period of time, she was having trouble with Tony Jackson. Looking back at what Mullins said, Miss Taylor doesn’t appear to have confidence in her own ability or indeed awareness in her own strengths and weaknesses. According to Thompson ;amp; McHugh â€Å"control is not an end in itself, but a means to transform the capacity to work established by the wage relation into profitable production†, and Jane is unable to control her sub-ordinate – what are the reasons for this? Part of the problem stems from the beginning of the case study and the relationship between Jane and her manager. Mary Rogers does not instil any confidence in Jane when she effectively ‘dumps’ this new role. Up until now, Jane has been performing specific task functions and has no real knowledge of how to manage people as she has previously been performing the duties of a cashier and looking after mortgage advice accounts – more task orientated skills rather than managerial ones. The refresher course she attends includes nothing on this either and Jane immediately falls into what McGregor calls the ‘Theory X’ assumption of human nature. The central principle of ‘Theory X’ is direction and control through a centralised system of organisation and exercise of authority2 and Jane automatically tries to coerce and direct Tony Jackson. The inability of Mary Rodgers to provide effective support and development for Jane shows a clear ineptitude on her part. She admits herself that the reason for Jane’s promotion is that â€Å"I [Mary] need someone to take some of the weight off my shoulders† and she seems to be reluctant to help intervene and solve

We Wear The Mask Essays - Fiction, The Mask, African Clothing, Mask

We Wear The Mask Essays - Fiction, The Mask, African Clothing, Mask We Wear The Mask Analysis of We Wear the Mask In one of Paul Lawrence Dunbars most famous poems We Wear the Mask, he describes the harsh reality of the black race in America and how they hide their grief, sadness, and broken hearts under a mask for a survival strategy towards whites. We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes, This debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile, And mouth with myriad subtleties. In the first verse, the mask is taken off. The We of the poem describes the black community that lives a double life, the masked and the unmasked. Dunbar included the word mask in his poem because historically it was a false deceptive role-playing that was acceptable for a survival strategy by blacks and it maintained a sense of empowerment in a racial society. The word lies is a simple word but the mask not only lies to the whites, but to the person who is wearing the mask that start to live by it. Dunbar uses the word mouth as a verb, which intensifies our expressive genuine facial features that never lies. In life, the mask is the concealment of those features that reveal tears that give quality to a smile. The masks when worn is always smiling but underneath are the torn and broken heart of ones soul and this debt we pay to human guile. The debt that the black community is paying dearly by wearing the mask everyday for the cunning white race with myriad subtleties, the black race that wants to speak out and be heard. Why should the world be otherwise, In counting all our tears and sighs? Nay, let them only see us, while We wear the mask. The second verse, the mask is replaced. The word overwise, Dunbar recognizes that the black people knew too much for their own good. They knew that if they were to speak out that they would be condemned for knowing too much in which they struggled for equality from the white race and peace within. In the last three lines of the second verse emphasis their hurt when they are not around the white race and how they are trapped under the mask. We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries To thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh the clay is vile Beneath our feet, and long the mile; But let the world dream otherwise, We wear the mask! In the words We smile, it shows that they wear their smiling mask everyday with tortured souls beneath and that they pray to Christ to find peace in the awful world they live in. The words clay is vile sets the setting for slavery on a plantation in the south where clay is popular. The plantation is where they worked and lived. Which did whites that treated blacks with disgust own. The words world dream otherwise, says that the otherwise will turn their head the other way and think differently. Some of them will die with their mask on and never realizing the truth or some will wake up without the mask and reveal the truth that it is wrong. In Paul Lawrence Dunbars poem, he links it to the black race and uses extended metaphor to have a penetrating insight to the reality of the frowned upon race in America, that struggles for equality and peace within a racial society. Bibliography In one of Paul Lawrence Dunbars most famous poems We Wear the Mask, he describes the harsh reality of the black race in America and how they hide their grief, sadness, and broken hearts under a mask for a survival strategy towards whites.

Free Essays on Cultural Identity In Bruce Dawes Poetry

Bruce Dawe’s poems â€Å"Homecoming† and â€Å"At Shagger’s Funeral† in Sometimes Gladness reveal significant aspects about Australian cultural identity. â€Å"Homecoming† questions Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War by describing the homecoming flight of the soldier’s bodies over the Australian landscape. The profound sense of loss and futility is foregrounded by exposing the men’s sense of belonging in both rural and urban Australian communities and their connection to the land. â€Å"At Shagger’s Funeral† explores the nature of the Australian cultural identity through the events and emotions surrounding the funeral of a typical ‘aussie bloke† who valued mateship and lived for the day. The representations explored by these poems include the wholesome, rural environment, sense of patriotism towards protecting the values and attitudes that are uniquely Australian, the masculine ‘ockerâ₠¬â„¢ stereotype and the lack of adhering to a religion. Bruce Dawe’s â€Å"Homecoming† explores the representation of Australia’s rural and wholesome cultural identity. The dead portrayed in the poem all have a place to return to, where they once called home, whether in the suburban cities or country towns. The poem uses images that are quintessentially Australian. The image of the dogs who â€Å"raise muzzles in mute salute† in honour to the dead, connotates both the idea of the simple life and the strong relationship between the sheep dog and farmer in rural Australia. The dog also symbolises the community’s sense of loss. Australians are thought of as having a sense of place as people do not disappear into anonymity but are valued by communities for their individual identity. This concept is valid to some extent but marginalizes groups such as the homeless, unemployed or those without family. The role of the physical environment in constructing such aspects of cultural identity is also significant in â€Å"Homecoming† describ... Free Essays on Cultural Identity In Bruce Dawe's Poetry Free Essays on Cultural Identity In Bruce Dawe's Poetry Bruce Dawe’s poems â€Å"Homecoming† and â€Å"At Shagger’s Funeral† in Sometimes Gladness reveal significant aspects about Australian cultural identity. â€Å"Homecoming† questions Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War by describing the homecoming flight of the soldier’s bodies over the Australian landscape. The profound sense of loss and futility is foregrounded by exposing the men’s sense of belonging in both rural and urban Australian communities and their connection to the land. â€Å"At Shagger’s Funeral† explores the nature of the Australian cultural identity through the events and emotions surrounding the funeral of a typical ‘aussie bloke† who valued mateship and lived for the day. The representations explored by these poems include the wholesome, rural environment, sense of patriotism towards protecting the values and attitudes that are uniquely Australian, the masculine ‘ockerâ₠¬â„¢ stereotype and the lack of adhering to a religion. Bruce Dawe’s â€Å"Homecoming† explores the representation of Australia’s rural and wholesome cultural identity. The dead portrayed in the poem all have a place to return to, where they once called home, whether in the suburban cities or country towns. The poem uses images that are quintessentially Australian. The image of the dogs who â€Å"raise muzzles in mute salute† in honour to the dead, connotates both the idea of the simple life and the strong relationship between the sheep dog and farmer in rural Australia. The dog also symbolises the community’s sense of loss. Australians are thought of as having a sense of place as people do not disappear into anonymity but are valued by communities for their individual identity. This concept is valid to some extent but marginalizes groups such as the homeless, unemployed or those without family. The role of the physical environment in constructing such aspects of cultural identity is also significant in â€Å"Homecoming† describ...

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final project - Essay Example The main conditions found in comorbidity to MDD includes Obsessive Compulsive disorder,Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Panic Disorders. (Kessler,1996) Currently the treatment of MDD is centred around the selective serotonin reuptake receptor inhibitors (SSRI). This is based on the fact the main mood elevator neurotransmitter of our body and found at synaptic junctions are actively reuptake so the availibilty of serotonin at the synapse decreases, reducing the mood and causing depression. SSRIs inhibits this uptake by inhibiting the reuptake receptors of serotonin in the presynaptic regions found in the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmentum area and hence causing mood elevations. Although antidepressant medications are often prescribed to people with MDD, it is estimated that 20-40% of depressed people do not benefit from taking medication ( Kirsch 2008,Hays,1995)).Apart from the efficacy these medications can also cause side effects like drying of mouth, insomnia and others amongst the few. Thus, researchers are developing other possible ways to reduce depressive symptoms. One such depression treatment alternative to medication is the transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS. Briefly, TMS treatment involves placing a coil on the scalp surface and passing a current through it (the exact details of the strength and rate of the current are beyond our purposes). When the current passes into neural tissue it affects the way the neurons operate, in a therapeutic way. Objective and Aim of the Study We wanted to analyze whether the TMS approach is effective in reduction of the episodes of depression from the baseline levels at the end of week 4 in the major depressive disorder patients. Methodology The study was conducted across multiple sites but the procedures were the same across locations. The sites involved were Florida, Oregon, and Washington. Across locations, participants with a history of antidepressant-resistant MDD were randomly assigned to either a n active or a sham TMS condition. In the active condition, participants were actually given the TMS treatment. In the sham condition, participants were not given the TMS treatment but went through a similar procedure in each session (e.g., they came in for sessions in which a coil was placed on their heads but no current was run through it). So the sham condition was considered to be a type of placebo treatment. This was done to minimize the treatment limited bias of the study. The study was run double-blind so that neither the participant nor the assistant running the session was aware of which condition the participant was in. Thus the experimental design of the study was a randomized, multicentric, placebo controlled double blind study. This design definitely was important to give the way for a powerful analysis. The MADRS scores which is the set of scores that signifies the extent of depression of various parameters were analyzed to give a final depression score. The convention is, more the MADRS scores more is the depression and vice versa. Thus the results were analyzed by comparing the MADRS scores at baseline and at 4 weeks after the TMS treatments were implemented to see the effect of that approach on MDD patients. Statistical analysis was carried out through SPSS software and paired sample t test was carried to find out the levels of significance. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results We analyzed findings on 4 questions to reach a conclusion. Q1.Ignoring the TMS condition and

The Choice in Consumerism to the Choice in Technological Aspects Research Paper

The Choice in Consumerism to the Choice in Technological Aspects - Research Paper Example In regards to the consumer’s choice, there is a lot of opinions that can be said. It is true that the life of a consumer is usually encompassed with choices, which have no boundaries and as such, in the long run, the state becomes a life full of hyper calculations, which are intended to pursue a state of perfection and as such, this perfection can be said to be always unreachable (Glasser 2009). For instance, when a person needs to buy a space consuming item, he or she will be upbeat not to make the wrong choice (Roberts 2002). As a result, that person will end up bearing down and at the end becomes engaged in conducting research, which is comparative in nature. It is only when consumers do the right choice that the fantasy takes not only the right direction but also assumes the right shape. As such, it follows that there will be a prevalence of a global beatitude (Roberts 2002). In contemporary times, the citizens of the U.S spend more time while doing shopping more than othe r people in other countries in the world. According to the recent researches, it has been found that people in America go to do shopping at least once a week and this exceeds the number of times that the hoses of worship are visited (Elizabeth 128). When these shoppers are requested to do a ranking in regard to what they achieve from being involved in various activities, it is amazing that shopping is usually ranked among the last activities (Kanazawa 2004). This is supposed to mean that, people tend to shop more but what they get from that in terms of enjoyment is usually less.