Discuss The Impacts of Taxation

Whenever a firm faces new speculation openings (or to keep its working) which have positive net present qualities, financing needs go along. The alternatives run from utilizing money produced from activities to just forego the undertakings. On the off chance that the organization needs to take its activities, when its money isn't sufficient, it can raise new assets from value or obligation. This blend of value and obligation which an organization chooses to utilize is known as its capital structure. This paper is about how a firm should build up its obligation/value proportion, centering in the favorable circumstances and burdens of taxes’ sway on this proportion. Capital StructureWhen alluding to the capital structure of a firm, it is difficult to stay away from Modigliani-Miller’s (MM) powerful paper â€Å"The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment† (1958). Afterward, they distributed a few â€Å"follow-up† papers talking about these themes. MM set the establishments of the cutting edge hypothesis of capital structure. MM first theory was that, under specific presumptions, the firm’s esteem is constant notwithstanding relative changes in its capital structure, subsequently â€Å"a firm can't change the all out estimation of its extraordinary protections by changing the extents of its capital structure. † (Ross, Westerfield and Jaffe, 2001.p. 401).This is known as MM suggestion I. In a general manner this suggestion is stating that an organization can't accomplish something for its investors that they can't do without anyone else. The MM second suggestion infers that the utilization of obligation for financing increment the normal future income, yet this expansion is combined with an expansion in the hazard to value holders, subsequently the markdown rate used to esteem these future profit likewise increments. As Fabozzi and Patterson state â€Å"the expanded expected profit have on the esti mation of value is counterbalanced by the expanded markdown rate applied to these less secure income. †(2003)Mathematically the recommendations can be expressed: Proposition I: VU=VL where VU is the estimation of an unlevered firm and VL is the estimation of a turned firm. Suggestion II: rs = r0 + B/S (r0 †rb) where rS is the expense of value, r0 is the expense of capital for an all value firm, rB is the expense of obligation and, B/S is the obligation to-value proportion. Be that as it may, these speculations depend on a â€Å"perfect market† presumption. At the point when flaws are available into a specific market this theory is deluding. Changes in a firm’s capital structure could change the firm worth. One of the most significant market blemishes is the nearness of taxes.Capital Structure and the Presence of Corporate Taxes In the past areas is expressed that the firm worth is inconsequential to its capital structure, I. e. it doesn't rely upon its oblig ation/value proportion. In any case, when duties are fused into the examination this certification isn't correct, â€Å"in the nearness of corporate assessments, the firm’s esteem is decidedly identified with its obligation. † (Ross et al. 2001. ) Thus, the utilization of obligation has a preferred position over financing with value. The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) â€Å"allows intrigue paid on obligation to be deducted by the paying partnership in deciding its available income† (IRC code 1963 qt.in Fabozzi and Patterson. 2003. P. 598) This advantage is known as Interest Tax Shield, because of the way that â€Å"interest cost shields salary from taxation† (p. 602). This is TaxShield=(TaxRate)(InterestExpense) Now is important to esteem this shield and perceive how this progressions the firm worth. Assessing the articulation above it very well may be said that whatever the available pay of an organization is without obligation, the available salary is pres ently less in a sum equivalent to the Tax Shield within the sight of obligation. This thought is additionally situated in MM ideas.In different words, the firm worth is: Firm Value = Unleveraged Firm Value + Tax Shield Value Going profoundly, this announcement infers that all organizations ought to pick greatest obligation, something that can not be seen into this present reality. This is because of the nearness of liquidation and different pain related costs that decrease the estimation of a turned firm. As a firm expands its influence position these costs increment. There is a moment that the current estimation of â€Å"these costs from an extra dollar of obligation approaches the expansion in the current estimation of the assessment shield.† (Ross et al. 2001. p. 432)This is the obligation level which expands the firm worth. Past this point the pain related costs increment quicker than the firm an incentive because of extra obligation. Along these lines, there is an exchan ge off between tax breaks and the budgetary misery costs. There is an ideal measure of obligation for each firm, and this must be its obligation target level. Nearness of Personal Taxes In nearness of individual annual duties could diminish, or even kill, the upside of corporate assessments related with obligation financing.Despite this, if the yields because of obligation and stocks cause charges at a similar rate that the individual expenses, there is as yet a bit of leeway originating from corporate taxes(Van Horne, 1997). Merton Miller suggested that, in nearness of both, individual and corporate duties, the choices about capital structure of a firm were unessential (Miller, 1977). Regardless of this, individual assessments have various rates; in this manner, with steady hazard, people who are in the lower rate section must lean toward obligation and the individuals who are at the upper piece of the scale must favor stocks.Fabozzi and Patterson sum up this point as follow: 1. On the off chance that obligation pay (intrigue) and value salary (profits and capital gratefulness) are charged at a similar rate, the intrigue charge shield expands the estimation of the firm. 2. On the off chance that obligation pay is charged at rates higher than value salary, a portion of the duty bit of leeway to obligation is balanced by an expense inconvenience to obligation pay. 3. In the event that financial specialists can utilize the assessment laws viably to decrease to zero their duty on value pay, firms will assume obligation up to where the expense bit of leeway to obligation is simply balanced by the duty weakness to obligation income.The main concern from fusing individual charges is that there is a profit by utilizing obligation. (p. 603) Small Literature Survey In this area it will be summed up certain sentiments and discoveries about capital structure choices and expenses. Panteghini in a work about multinationals capital structure found that â€Å"optimal influe nce is arrived at when the negligible advantage of obligation financing (which is because of the deductibility of intrigue costs) compares its minor cost (which is identified with the normal expense of default).A procedure utilized is â€Å"Income shifting† which â€Å"raises the tax reduction of obligation financing, in this manner animating obligation financing, and defers default. † (2006) Verschueren research about Belgian organizations techniques indicated that â€Å"The speculation that organizations for which the assessment preferred position of obligation financing is higher have higher obligation charge protecting proportions gets just pitiful help: progressively gainful firms have lower obligation charge protecting proportions. † She discovered â€Å"no signs that maintaining a strategic distance from office clashes of any sort assumes a huge job in the assurance of obligation charge protecting. † (2002, p.22)She states that these outcomes are v ery near universal examination moreover. Graham and Tucker found a comparable outcome â€Å"Firms that utilization charge covers utilize less obligation on normal than do non-cover firms. † There is additionally a potential issue which is that â€Å"under-turned firms may have â€Å"off balance sheet† charge reasonings that are not effectively noticeable, and which are in this way regularly disregarded in observational examinations. † (2005 p. 1) Irina Stefanescu shows up to a practically identical determination â€Å"There is a general agreement that critical duty motivations are related with corporate borrowing.Nevertheless, numerous enormous and gainful organizations with an okay of monetary misery have moderately low obligation proportions. † (2006) Stewart Myers, clarifying Miller’s paper â€Å"Debt and Taxes†, hypothesizes regarding why firms are not â€Å"awash in debt†Ã¢ · A fascinating point he states is that Miller’s model â€Å"allow us to clarify the scattering of genuine obligation strategies without presenting non-esteem expanding chiefs. In the other hand he states likewise that â€Å"Firms have valid justifications to abstain from financing genuine speculation by giving normal stock or other dangerous securities.They would prefer not to risk falling into the issue of either passing by positive NPV ventures or giving stock at a value they believe is too low†. (1980) Conclusion It appears that few explores have been acted in capital structure choices. In spite of the fact that not every one of them show up to a similar end it gives the feeling that the expense shields impactsly affect firms esteem; and the nearness of individual assessments don't dispose of this fact.In the other hand, discoveries that organizations have not larges measures of obligation demonstrates that they may get a few points of interest from different sources, e. g. reeling sheet benefits. Following a long time since Modigliani and Miller’s paper showed up, it very well may be said that â€Å"however, much stays to be done before the expense of capital can be taken care of on the rack among the tackled issues. † (Modigliani-Miller 1958)

Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay Example for Free

Effect of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay Anything individuals have made could be called innovation, however for the most part individuals consider progresses in utilizing logical information and applying it to a useful use, such as making photovoltaic cells or wind turbines. Innovation inspired by instances of a particular innovation being used, for example, the web or Decision Support Systems. Innovation can tackle a large portion of our issues and everything which we are utilizing in our live for instance: radio, TV, PCs, web, cell phone, and These are called innovation. We use innovation in better places too for instance: at home, in workplaces, business, shops, or so on. Various individuals give Various individuals will give it distinctive significance relying upon their perspective and setting. The job and effects of innovation in both our own and lives are ever developing. Innovation is tied in with making a move to meet a human need instead of only understanding the activities of the regular world. We can characterize Technology like this: A group of information used to make apparatuses, create abilities, and concentrate or gather materials; the utilization of science (the mix of the logical technique and material) to meet a goal or tackle an issues called Technology. Point: In this investigation I am going to tell about the life of John: John is a specialist and he is 52 years of age he has 22 years experience and he is an agent and he utilize various innovations for his work and for his life he utilize the accompanying advances: Email Cell Phone PC And furthermore I am expounding on the life of John which how does the innovation influence on his life and how this innovation transform him, since John said that 20 years back I have no Mobile Phone, email address and Software, which I have now, and he said that since 5 years the innovation has completely changed me and I can not do my works without these advances. Email presentation: Email, short for electronic mail, is a framework wherein a PC client can trade messages with other PC clients utilizing an interchanges organize. To utilize email, you should approach a PC that is connected to the outside world, by means of a modem, telephone line, or fiber optic link (Ethernet). Sending email is like sending postal mail, with some significant contrasts: 1. Email is a large number of times quicker. A message can go from Illinois to Australia right away! 2. Email is free nearby there is no postage cost to understudies. 3. Email isn't as private as a standard letter. 4. Email involves figuring out how to utilize PC programs. 5. Likewise, E-mail expects us to have a sign-on to the electronic mail framework, and this normally includes having a secret phrase, as well. 6. Email can be sent to numerous individuals simultaneously, and you can take an interest in on-going conversations regarding numerous matters simultaneously. 7. Email can get to data and record libraries, well communicate something specific and recover an archive or pictures in practically no time. 8. Email regularly contains grammatical mistakes and incorrect spellings since it is so natural to deliver and send. How/why he utilizes E-mail actually? John utilizes email to send his report to the organization that he is working for at that point and to send or get photos over the web. Sending reports over the web spares a ton of time and is a simpler strategy for imparting than through the post. Before he got the web he utilized the post to send the report to the organization. He utilize the web to advise his accomplices, and when he fine an offer he can send an email to the entirety of his associate to educate those and a few times he sent a few maps of homes from his own email to other partner, and furthermore he use email to sent some photographs and recordings as well, and he stated: that I am not generally utilize my email to my own work I utilize my email for getting a charge out of and sending messages for my Childs, spouse, companions and to my families as well. What is the favorable circumstances/impediment of email? John said that E-mail Advertising, as powerful as it is has the two points of interest and weaknesses. It is valuable to be very much aware of the two sides of the coin as one leaves on the utilization of email for their showcasing and promoting, and he is additionally that fortunately the upsides of email publicizing are various and far exceed the couple of weaknesses. The benefits of email which impact on his life these are in the accompanying: 1. Its quicker. He got email very quickly after it is send, generally in no time. 2. Its progressively conversational. Due to its promptness, an entire arrangement of email messages possibly he traded inside a brief timeframe. Subsequently, email messages will in general be less formal and they are likewise normally shorter and more to the point. 3. Since email is so new, he has no rigid standards about what might be said in a message. These principles are developing a result of his expanded utilization of email, just as the approach of new innovation that consistently influences how he applies it. Furthermore, he likewise said that email doesn't have simply favorable circumstances it has impediments as well, presently I am expounding on the inconveniences of email which impact on John life: 1. As he has seen, probably the greatest impediment of email is the ability for misconception. Email has some different impediments also. It very well may be utilized to converse with more than each individual in turn, yet the methods for doing so can be somewhat lumbering. At its center, email is a balanced correspondence medium. Email requires dynamic investment, and he needs to browse his email to get messages. In the event that he doesn't browse his email, he will never realize that someone has reached him. 2. An excessive amount of email can prompt administration issues with his in-box being overpowered via mail. 3. Because of its casual nature it is anything but difficult to his to overlook dissimilar to correspondence on the phone or mail. Which things E-mail contain? * Inbox: A territory in his mail memory that holds got messages that have not been perused or prepared. * Drafts: When he spared a few reports in his email address, the records and archives which he spared before he can discover in Drafts. * Sent: The sends which he sent this sent thing will reveal to him which records, letters, archives and pictures he sent. * Spam: Internet spam is at least one spontaneous messages, sent or posted as a feature of a bigger assortment of messages, all having generously indistinguishable substance. * Trash: garbage and useless material that will be discarded. * Contacts: All his companions, families, laborers and another person that John knows them he can spare all his email address in contact and afterward can see their messages effectively and early when he needs. * Calendar: We all think about importance of Calendar, schedule is an arrangement of sorting out days for a socially, strict, financially, or authoritatively helpful reason. * Notepad: Some significant sentences that John need to spare them Notepad is the spot that he can spare them all their. On the off chance that John didnt have E-mail, how might it influence his activity? John stated: on the off chance that I didnt have email address, at that point I would lose my business, since I have bunches of laborers in my business I can see each one and enlightening every one of them concerning their employments, so the most effortless route for me is that I am sending every one of them and accepting the reactions of them, and furthermore by utilizing my mail I can sent a few maps and places and bearings for my laborers, and I am educating them, likewise I am utilizing my sends to sent and gets from my family, and companions as well. Cell Phone Introduction: A Mobile Phone (otherwise called a Cellular Telephone) is characterized as a convenient electronic gadget with the end goal of broadcast communications over significant distances. Most present cell phones really associate with a cell system of base stations (the cell locales themselves) which cover to yield inclusion and which likewise connection to the standard landline open exchanged phone arrange. It ought to be noticed that cell phones are unmistakable from family unit cordless phones which for the most part work just inside scope of a committed base station (however the differentiation is obscuring with cell phones that can interface through Bluetooth to a home web base station). It ought to be noted, in any case, that the term cell phone can allude to a portable communication gadget and furthermore incorporates satellite telephones and radio telephones. Most telephones has camera which we can take photographs, and record a few recordings as well. How/why he utilizes Mobile Phone? John utilize cell phones to be associate with his family, youngsters, and spouse and with his companions. What's more, he utilizes his cell phone in office and to his business to illuminate his laborers and to be in contact with the people groups which he works. He additionally utilizes cell phone to send recordings, photographs, messages for each body which he needs. He utilizes various things that his portable contain and the accompanying things his cell phones contain: Messages, Contact, Alarm, Calendar, Fun box, Reminder, Call register, Tones, Profiles, Calculator. He utilizes Messages to send record and messages for his family, companion, spouse and children. He utilizes Alarm to get up morning ahead of schedule for his activity. Furthermore, the schedule which his Mobile Phone contain he realized that what date is today and which day is today. Furthermore, his cell phone has suggestion to remind him some of the time which he overlooked a few works. Furthermore, a few times the occasions which he filling load up he is going to Games which it versatile has and Playing a few games, and his cell phone has web too that he can go too web and see his sends and another things which we can do it on web and he said that I am happy and I am filling too acceptable motivation I can take care of my heaps of issues with utilizing the cell phone. What are points of interest/disservices of cell phone when he use? Favorable circumstances of utilizing cell phone: 1. He can take it with him whom he didnt miss significant calls. 2. He doesnt have telemarketers irritating him at supper time. 3. In the event that he experiences vehicle difficulty or a mishap he can call for crises. 4. He can take the photos of mishap or any slim

Finding General Scholarship Essay Samples

Finding General Scholarship Essay SamplesWhen it comes to writing an essay on college financial aid, general scholarship essay samples can help make the process easier. Having the right skills and talent in writing is the key to this type of academic project.As a matter of fact, if you are going to use these general scholarship essay samples as a guide, you can often make the essay much more attractive to those who are reviewing your application. If you apply to a wide variety of schools, you can look for differences in how they will review your application. Even if you can't necessarily tell a huge difference at first glance, those that eventually apply to your school will be impressed by your ability to keep up with the changing times.Most writing requires you to have knowledge about various subjects so that you can answer the various questions that are asked of you. You should be familiar with what is commonly known as the 'general topic.' This generally includes general subjects such as health, travel, art, science, and religion.It also includes those topics that are closely related to the general topic as well as areas of interest. Your subject matter will also have to deal with subjects that you have some knowledge about as well as ones that you don't.General topic scholarships are something that you can take advantage of as well when looking for scholarship essay samples. Since you will have the general topic already covered, you don't have to worry about writing about a specific topic.When it comes to the general topic, you should be able to research extensively for your essay as well as writing on topics that are familiar to you. For example, if you are interested in pursuing medical billing, you will find that this is very similar to the general topic of medical billing.There are other general topics that you can cover as well. If you are studying the relationship between travel and sports, for example, you can provide an article on sports travel.In c onclusion, many writers should be able to find some general scholarship essay samples to use. In fact, you should look for those that seem to be related to your intended topic so that you will have an easy time coming up with topics that will interest readers.

Global Code Of Ethics And Ethics - 938 Words

MBA 605: Unit 4 Exercise Global Code of Ethics Introduction All employees and senior level executives are expected to uphold to the Global Code of Ethics in the highest ethical standards of this corporate international organization. Each employee is to abide by the laws of their country and the regulations of the organization in which they work. The Global Code of Ethics helps ensure compliance with the standards of business, ethics, and governing regulation requirements put in place. All employees and senior level executives are expected to read and understand the Global Code of Ethics and uphold these standards in their daily activities while being mindful of the organization’s policies and procedures. I. Transparency Accountability All employees, directors, supervisors, and managers are expected to be fair, transparent, accurate, and timely in disclosing of information, data, and reporting critical to the success of the business. Account records must not contain any false, vague, or misleading information or entries. If an error occurs, employees are to fully disclose and report the oversight to their supervisor immediately. Records must never be altered, destroyed, or concealed if ever to be audited, inquired by the federal government, requested by the law for litigation purposes or under subpoena. II. Confidentiality All employees, managers, supervisors, and senior level staff must take steps to safeguard all confidential information and data includingShow MoreRelatedGlobal Code Of Ethics : Ethics1407 Words   |  6 Pages Global Code of Ethics Sherry D. Martin Patten University Global Code of Ethics A global Code of Ethics has been established at [Company Name] to encourage conformity with behaviors that reflect high ethical standards. 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The Nationalism Of The 19th Century - 913 Words

Abstract in Abstract in principle, yet individually quantifiable, nationalism swept through 18th and 19th century global populations, igniting the fire for some of the most significant and revolutionary changes of the time. During the period, eons’ old hierarchal systems found themselves closeted, as novel enlightenment principles were bred and spread throughout the world. Kingdoms fell, borders were redrawn, and ultimately, nationalism led to the worldwide adoption of a new sense of individual identity, no longer associated with kings and queens. Full embracement of the nationalistic revolution benefited individuals and nations alike, eliciting feelings of pride in its practitioners, while uniting individuals in invisible and powerful communities, resulting in the forward progression of society. Angered and primed for revolt, as the result of continual monarchal abuse, citizens of Europe and their overseas colonies, felt at bay with their crowned rulers. Their sense of identity, once engulfed by their respective empires, began to slowly degrade with the progression of the 18th century. In its replacement an imagined communities began to form amongst societies, and cultures, one not based on their empires, but instead on their common traits. This new notion of self-image, nationalism, can be found embodied in many of the time periods writings, spanning from the early 18th to the late 19th century. However, while diverse in age and subject, many of these writings seem toShow MoreRelatedNationalism in Europe in the 19th century Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesNationalism is way of thinking both political and socially to create a community united by: history, ethnicity, religions, common culture, and language. Numerous effects occurred while establishing a Nationalist community, some effects were a long term impact on Nationalism, and other was short term impacts on Nationalism. 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Essay on Popol Vuh vs. Gilgamesh - 861 Words

Popol Vuh vs. Gilgamesh While the two texts Gilgamesh and Popol Vuh have many similarities, themes characters ect. I personally would not call the two texts similar. In my opinion for two texts to be similar they must poses similar general themes that apply to the entire text, not small themes that only apply to portions of the text. In other words I believe that two texts can have similar events, yet have completely different meanings. Popol Vuh and Gilgamesh actually had more similarities than dissimilarities, but it is the significance of those similarities, not the quantity, that really counts. The fact that small details come up in both texts does not overshadow the fact that these two texts have different meanings. In this essay†¦show more content†¦This is all hinted at in religion. Rituals and traditions are usually based on religion, especially in heavily religious cultures, therefore religious readings are a good way to learn about them. Social structure can also be learned about through religious texts, Popol Vuh for example mentions famous kings as well as the gods, reading about these kings lets us know what their government was like. Science, while not mentioned in religious documents can be inferred by what is not left up to faith. For example, in Popol Vuh the Mayans believe that the sun is a god traveling across the sky, from this we can infer that the Mayans did not study astronomy very closely. Gilgamesh on the other, hand is not a religious document of any kind rather it is a Mesopotamian myth that involves religious figures. Despite that, much can be learned from it about Mesopotamian culture, because it too describes the gods, kings and people of ancient Mesopotamia, and while it is in no way any type of bible it does give a fair amount of background regarding their religion. Another similarity the two texts have is the way in which they depict the gods. Both Popol Vuh and Gilgamesh show the gods as having more human or having human tendencies. For example in Popol Vuh the gods fail in

Work Crew free essay sample

The sound of cars flying by filled the air and the smell of eggs and salsa was drifting over from Ritas best breakfast tacos in Texas. This doesnt seem the ideal place to say goodbye, but thats where we found ourselves, tears in our eyes and down our faces, as we gave final hugs and spoke final words to each other through sobs, before heading home after the month that had changed all our lives. The month that we came into as 15 completely different strangers, but somehow left as 15 best friends, close enough to elicit tears in the parking lot of a taco stand, a pretty difficult feat if you ask me. We had all been brought together by Laity Lodge Youth Camp, a christian camp nestled along the banks of the frio river in what i fondly refer to as middle of nowhere, Texas. Seriously, there are no roads that lead there, you have to drive on the side of a river, its as isolated as it gets. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Crew or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We had all signed up for different personal reasons and somehow agreed to spend a month there, no pay, no recognition, working in the kitchen as a part of the aptly titled Work Crew. Work Crew is Laity Lodges program for incoming seniors, you see were that awkward age where we are too old to be campers yet still not old enough to manage other peoples children so they just stick us to work in the kitchen because they really dont know what else to do with us. It sounds pretty miserable, we spend 9 hours a day in the kitchen scraping barbaque sauce of off 344 plates, cleaning disintegrated cereal out of clogged drains and mopping up spills of unidentifiable substances time and time and time again. Yet it turned out to be the best experience of my entire life, and taught me more than I could have ever imagined. The thing that made crew unforgettable was the risk that it was to go. I went in knowing nobody, I was alone. I didnt have the safety and comforts I cling to at home. The magic of crew was that we were able to be ourselves. I came to the canyon without my safety nets. I came without any of our nice clothes, former reputations, friends from home, expectations to live up to, or any defining factor from my real world life. We all did. We couldnt hide behind the shells we are so used to defining ourselves by, our GPAs, number of Facebook photos, parties we attended, parties we didnt attend, goals wed scored, votes wed received, all of a sudden none of it mattered. For me at home I hide in the reputation of a self-proclaimed goody-two shoes and rule follower. Im scared to stray too far from the convention or do anything to out of the box for fear of disappointing people. This is not something to brag about. I get good grades, edit the school newspaper, and lead a bible study for middle schoolers. This is what I am known for. This is who at home I am. But going into work crew I didnt have my present reputation. I had the freedom and ability to do things I wanted without worrying what others thought. I could do things seemingly out of character for a quiet and timid straight A student. I learned to live in the moment, to be spontaneous. To take chances. To do crazy things. Like the time when the skies opened up for the first time all summer and released rain and we celebrated by kicking off our shoes, and running down to the river, the mud squishing underneath my feet before jumping in fully clothed. Or the time at the Rodeo Dance, when under th e cover of a thousand twinkling christmas lights and a blanket of stars covering the sky above that, to ask a counselor to dance, because my favorite song had just come on the stereo I wanted to dance, and goodness he was just really cute. To belt out music in a silent kitchen as loud and off-key as possible simply because my favorite song by Taylor Swift was on the speakers and I felt like singing aloud for a minute. To dance uninhibited, or really to just flail my arms and move my legs in odd contortions because I have no rhythm, but because pretending I know how to dance is better than just standing still and bobbing my head to the music. I learned to talk about my faults and my failures and admit that I dont have everything figured out all the time, or even half of it. I learned to accept that people loved me even when they saw my flaws and learned to love others because of their flaws as well. I could see people as who they really were and not just the things they did, clothes they owned, or weekend activites. I learned that its not the things we think that define people. People cant be defined. We all are complex creatures and theres no use pretending were not. We all want desperately to be loved and affirmed and accepted for who we are, and that really thats all that matters. The world I come from at home does not place a lot of value on who I really am. It places a lot of value on the things I do. I believe that college offers the chance for me to step into a world that accepts people for who they are as well as what they do. People who believe in themselves and know who they are so they dont feel the need to conform to standards of who they should be. I believe this lesson is the most important one I have ever learned. And so I believe that Work Crew, learning how to mop and sweep and love others, taught me all I will ever need to know.

Indian Identity in UK

The terms Indian Britons, Indian British, or British Indian are used in reference to people residing in the United Kingdom but whose ancestral origin is India.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Identity in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This comprises of people who were born in the United Kingdom but whose descendants are Indian and all Indian- born individuals who migrated to the United Kingdom. Presently, there are approximately 1.4 million Indians residing in the United Kingdom. Therefore, the Indians are the hugest ethnic minority group. The Indians constitute the biggest British Asians’ subgroup. For an Indian to be legally recognised in the United Kingdom, he had to adhere to exceptionally stringent government regulation guidelines. In the United Kingdom, therefore, the Indian Act was acknowledged as more than an organ of laws that laid the guidelines concerning each Indian’s aspects of life. This has been the case for more than a century (Kakar, 2007). The Indian Act was an esteemed regulatory regime. Through it, there was a better comprehension of the native identity that fashioned the traditional native life. It is worth noting that the high population of Indians in the United Kingdom was as a result of historical links. The Indians were included in the Commonwealth of Nations and were under the British authority during colonial occupations.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Indians residing in the United Kingdom belonged to the middle social class and were socioeconomically affluent (Sen, 2006). A number of researches were done to assess how Indians living in the United States felt about their identity. A study conducted among people under the age of thirty five in the Asian Network revealed that thirty eight percent of people of South Asian origin in the UK felt disconnected from the British. More than 1/3 of the participants agreed that for an Indian to survive in the United Kingdom, he was supposed to be a â€Å"coconut† (Kurien, 1999). This term was used in the UK to refer to someone whose outside was brown and the inside white. A majority of the Indians preferred living in the UK since there were better opportunities.  ¾ of the Indians living in the UK feel that their culture was at risk of being diluted (Sen, 2006). Moreover, many Indians had the feeling that they whites treated them as though they were not British. More than fifty percent of the participants in the studies revealed that they felt they were British. A majority of the Indians in the UK were Christians, Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims. Authorities argue that the Indians did not need to be â€Å"coconuts† so as to be efficacious in UK. There was a need for Indians to perceive a positive identity, which would boost their confidence and promote the ir success. Identity and confidence were vital for a person to realize that everyone can succeed. Opportunities were open to every individual who had a vision to succeed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Identity in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Irrespective of the fact that a majority of the Indians in UK had assumed a British identity, they adhered to their ancestral and cultural origins when at home. Some Indians also felt that there was a need for them to be coconuts since they wanted to fit in a society that viewed them negatively (Kakar, 2007). The Indians in the UK faced numerous challenges because of identity cards crisis. There was no consensus regarding how to establish an Indian’s identity amidst passports, driving licenses, PAN card, and Aadhaar cards. In addition, there was disagreement for NPR (National Population Register) enrolment. Only a few Indians had accessibility to the A adhaar cards, which rendered a majority of them unable to operate bank accounts. Not many Indians possessed passports that made it difficult to establish their identity. A huge number of the natives in UK enquired about the origin of Indians. Many of them answered that they were from the UK but their grandparents were Indian. However, no Indian answered that his ethnicity was Indian (Kurien, 1999). Consequently, a lot of the Indians wondered whether they had given an adequate response to describe who they were. Therefore, Indians in UK were faced with challenges regarding belonging and acceptance.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A majority of them wondered the extent to which their identity was defined through the country they were born and grew up in. There was confusion regarding the level of significance that should be linked to their ethnic origin. Defining the cultural heritage and identity was also a challenge. Consequently, Indian generation living in the United Kingdom had a deep feeling that UK was not their country. Indians had a hard time fighting for the right of being treated with fairness and respect. This is a right that everyone globally should enjoy irrespective of his cultural origin. Historically, numerous Indians had migrated to UK after receiving invitations to work in foundries, factories, or for NHS. Consequently, they grew up in UK and were also incorporated into the academic system. In this case, there was a need to develop a sense of belonging regardless of the fact they were not considered a portion of the majority (Sen, 2006). The Indians usually questioned themselves regarding t he level to which they were accepted in the country they were born. They wondered whether they were a distinct immigrant population since they were normally segregated from the mainstream society. They could not engage in the mainstream society without being prejudiced. Again, the issue of adaptation, integration, and acceptance was manifested. References Kakar, S. (2007). Indian identity. London: Penguin UK. Kurien, P. (1999). Gendered Ethnicity Creating a Hindu Indian Identity in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(4), 648-670. Sen, A. (2006). The argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian history, culture and identity. London: Picador. This essay on Indian Identity in UK was written and submitted by user Vaughn H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Workplace culture and job satisfaction Essays

Workplace culture and job satisfaction Essays Workplace culture and job satisfaction Essay Workplace culture and job satisfaction Essay The intent of our research was to seek to calculate out what made employees happy with their occupation. Specifically this survey asked if there was a relationship between workplace civilization and occupation satisfaction. As there are infinite facets of workplace civilization merely a few were selected for this research. This is something of import for employers to cognize because it helps them to break facilitate to their workers wants and needs which creates a better work environment. Job satisfaction is normally a finding factor in keeping rate, which can assist employers to salvage clip and money with reduced turnover rate. Job satisfaction has been studied by infinite research workers over the old ages such as McNall and Fox. There are a broad assortment of factors as to what leads to a worker being satisfied with their occupation or conversely dissatisfied. Job satisfaction plays an of import function for both the employee and the employer as it frequently has some relationship to employee keeping. This subject is non merely limited to one location country or one occupation type, but instead it is a broad spread across the states and professions. Job satisfaction can be higher or lower depending on the person and what facets of the occupation factors are more or less of import to them. Some facets that demand farther probe in relationship to occupation satisfaction are the employer s places on frock codifications and flexible work hours. This survey will research both of these relationships. Flextime or a flexible work agenda, along with a worker s ability to work at place, or ability to telecommute were all investigated. Companies offer many different types of flexible working conditions/hours for employees, frequently based on the occupation demands and the worker s demands. A flexible work agenda must be made for each occupation separately. There does non be an overall solution for flexible work agendas ; it is based on different occupation demands. The old research on flexible working conditions was examined in general, non for a specific occupation demand. Other research workers have noted their findings related to this capable affair. Some research workers have discussed the demand for there to be an good balance of clip spent at work and clip spent with the household or at place for a worker to be happy or be satisfied overall with their occupation ( Pryce, 2006 ; Jang, 2009 ; Fox, 2003 ; Cooke, 2009 ; Zacharias, 2005 ; Brown, 2003 ) . However, Middlesworth ( 2006 ) reported that satisfaction is a pick, similar to the belief that one can take to be happy and to hold a positive mentality. He does non believe that any factors exist that have a greater impact on satisfaction than merely the pick to be satisfied at one s occupation. This is because he feels that occupation satisfaction is a traveling mark anyways and is besides a conditioned response. Previous research surveies have found that workers do hold increased satisfaction when work hours are more suitable to the workers and their single demands, alternatively of merely the typical criterion workweek. For illustration Cooke ( 2009 ) noted in his findings that workers with weekend-based short workweek ( WBSW ) did turn out to be more satisfied. Similarly, the consequences of Fox ( 2003 ) once more reported that there was a higher degree of satisfaction in employees who had occupations that allowed them to equilibrate work and household life. His research was able to turn out that this so did do a decreased sum of turnover for these occupations. In 2002, a survey done by the Families and Work Institute reported that 78 % of those that were employed were populating in dual-earner households, this figure has increased by 12 % in the 30 old ages since 1977, when the figure was at 66 % ( Jang, 2009 ) . This survey besides showed that merely less than half of the people that stated they were populating in dual-earner households besides had kids under the age of 18 old ages old. Taking these facts into consideration it is noted that many of these female parents look for occupations that can offer them better options to equilibrate household life and their work life. Jobs that offer such benefits for working parents such as onsite kid attention, flexible hours, household friendly policies and maternity/paternity leave. Past research has shown that there is an addition of occupation satisfaction every bit good as a lessening of absenteeism and turnover when workers have been able to better balance work and household life because the occupation had flexible work hours. As Pryce provinces: The benefits of accomplishing a balance between work and place life for employees are widely recognized in footings of enhanced occupation satisfaction, good being and wellness ( 2006, p283 ) . Pryce reports the findings of an rating of an open-rota work scheduling intercession, which was created to see if workers felt that they were better able to equilibrate work and household life. Open-rota bases for an unfastened rotary motion system where infirmary workers operate on a agenda like this. They had to come up with a system that worked for those who were employed in the medical professions as they can non work from place or truly hold flexible work agendas like some other professions. This survey did demo that employees reported that they felt an enhanced sum of satisfaction with their work hours and as a consequence were less likely to merchandise displacements when they were able to plan their ain single work and remainder hours. Barnett ( 2005 ) completed another survey that found similar consequences. She tested merely adult females doctors who were seeking to equilibrate both household life and their calling. It was noted that adult females who had more involvement in household life recorded holding a stronger feeling of occupation satisfaction. For them to be more involved in non work affairs, they had to either work reduced hours or work on a portion clip footing. The survey found specifically that adult females who had reduced hours were more satisfied than those adult females doctors who continued to work full clip and attempted to equilibrate household life and work. In add-on, this survey looked at the effects that reduced hours had on an employee. The adult females were less likely to experience the demand to go forth their occupation with the decreased hours that worked with their agenda. Another survey that looked at two groups of adult females, one group was placed on a flexible agenda while the other group was kept to a really carinate much more traditional work agenda ( Krausz, 1983 ) . The adult females were all married and some of the adult females had kids. Krausz explained that the point of this survey was analyzing the effects of a flexible work agenda these two groups of adult females and if they did hold increased occupation satisfaction because of the flex clip or non. The information from this research did non ensue in a great significance between the groups and occupation satisfaction. A sensible account was given to assist understand why this information did non ensue in the typical result of flexible work agendas ensuing in increased occupation satisfaction. There was a hold in the proclamation of the flexible work agendas and the existent nidation. The location that this was conducted at was really different than other research that was looked at. A noteworthy tendency that was seen in the reappraisal of old research was that there was an increased sum of satisfaction for adult females in occupations that had flexible work hours or decreased hours. As one survey discussed specifically adult females are frequently placed in the function of attention taker and besides strive to hold both an equal balance of work and household life ( Zacharias, 2005 ) . Zacharias found that the bulk of professional workers that use or take advantage of constabularies that help to equilibrate work and household life are adult females. Womans were besides more likely to be granted aid in this country alternatively of work forces because of positions on traditional functions. These facts were non studied to see separately if there was a relationship between work forces and adult females working and how their hours of work impacted their occupation satisfaction. Zacharias ( 2005 ) continued with information that work forces who try to cut down their hours of work are treated much otherwise than their female opposite numbers. However, both males and females who take clip off from work or seek to take decreased hours frequently hit a wall in their callings. As an equal balance is of import for both males and females, their abilities to be successful at place and work is found to be critical for occupation satisfaction. Jang once more specifically noted, Mothers in this state of affairs find it hard to equilibrate work demand and child-care duties and are more likely than their childless opposite numbers to go forth the work force involuntarily ( 2009, p.93 ) . Jang s study did province that old surveies have revealed that some aspects of occupation flexibleness including, flexible work hours, do hold a positive consequence on certain facets of household life and in return it lowers the sum of turnover and absenteeism and does raise occupation satisfaction in employees. This survey successfully showed a positive nexus between flexible work hours and work life balance. McNall looked at flexible work agreements, occupation satisfaction and turnover purposes of employees with an involvement in the relationship of work-to-family life ( 2010 ) . For this survey, McNall defined flexible work agreements as when employers allow the employees to hold some pick in when and where they perform their occupations outside of the standard working day. Their research once more proved to happen that flexible work agreements are connected with many of import organisational attitudes and results for employers and their employees. These organisational attitudes and results include occupation satisfaction, absenteeism, public presentation, productiveness and satisfaction with work agendas. The ground for employers to travel to flexible work agendas is the needful balance that employees want with both their personal and household life ; they besides desire a calling and satisfaction with their occupation. Employers have been increasing their flexibleness in this country as more adult females have been come ining the work force. However, both males and females want the equal satisfaction of being involved in both affairs of place and of the workplace. Employers have recognized the wants and demands of their employees ; some have been able to accommodate to improved flexible work agendas for their employees. Clearly there is good concluding for employers to offer some kind of flexibleness to their employees, as it can offer employees higher occupation satisfaction and a happier overall sense of wellbeing. To the employer it so consequences in greater employee keeping, lower absenteeism and, in some instances, increased sum of productiveness. This treatment of the effects and grounds for offering flexible work times in the research done by McNall ( 2010 ) has been repeated in the authorship by Jang ( 2009 ) every bit good as Zacharias ( 2005 ) adding support with his findings. A noteworthy determination in the research done by McNall was in the statement that employees sometimes search for grounds that employers understand and care about their employees, and if they are able to take carry throughing lives outside of the work topographic point. The handiness of flexible work times and other policies that help to supply a worker with the opportunity to make a balance between work and personal clip has shown to ensue in employees who have increased degree of occupation satisfaction and have a more positive attitude towards their employers ( McNall, 2010 ) . The bulk of these research workers have all shown that there is some relationship between occupation satisfaction and flexible agendas. Their research has resulted in a noteworthy connexion with flexible agendas and an increased occupation satisfaction by employees who are provided this type of option by their employers. There is no recent outstanding research that concluded in either reduced satisfaction or no relation at all to occupation satisfaction and flexible work agendas to all people and occupations when these were looked at specifically. Some research workers noted that a just figure of concerns that offer some kind of flexible programming. While the Family and Medical Leave Act is available for some employees that work in companies that employ over 50 people but it is limited in what it can be used for. Locating old research specifically on flexible work agendas and occupation satisfaction proved to be slightly hard. The research that was found varied in occupation types that were studied from one set of research to the following. Some surveies had more straight looked at the correlativity than others. The research was picked because overall it is varied in locations across the Earth. It covers many locations every bit good as many assorted occupation types. In old hunts for beginnings on this subject there were a batch more surveies conducted for flexible work agendas and occupation satisfaction for those in the medical field than in other occupation Fieldss such as the research done by Pryce ( 2006 ) and Barnett ( 2005 ) . An attempt was made to avoid roll uping more articles on the medical field and alternatively focal point was put on happening research for many different occupation Fieldss. Job satisfaction and workplace flexibleness were non the focal point on a figure of beginnings. Many of the writers including Jang ( 2009 ) saw that the satisfaction that flexible agendas on the occupation convey more concerned adult females, as adult females have been discovered to hold more stress seeking balance their work and personal life. However, both sexes do be given to endeavor for an equal balance of place life and workplace satisfaction. Flexible work programming allows for this equal balance to be created between an employee s personal lives and work lives. These writers all able to discourse, in some signifier or another, occupation satisfaction and flexible work hours for employees. In add-on to looking at the function flexible work clip and occupation satisfaction drama on each other, the effects of frock codifications and occupation satisfaction were besides examined in this research. Many occupations require employees to have on specific uniforms or frock in a certain manner, while other employers allow their employee to hold more freedom in their vesture picks. Are employees happier or more satisfied if they are non told what to have on by their employers or oppositely do employees experience more satisfied if there is an implemented frock codification? Some employers would non be able to do alterations in this country to increase occupation satisfaction because of wellness and safety grounds that require some occupations to have on specific outfits to assist protect the worker. This helps to explicate why there was a great deficiency of information on the linkage between frock codifications and occupation satisfaction. Franz ( 2001 ) stated that at the clip they began their survey there was no anterior research done on their subject. This by its ego is interesting, that there country has non truly been looked at so far. There is likely to be a broad assortment of accounts as to the deficiency of pervious research on this country. However there are a figure of good grounds to look closer at this possible connexion between occupation satisfaction and frock codes/uniforms/or deficiency thereof. The grounds are similar to those stated before, increased occupation keeping and higher sums of production from happier workers. In the research done by Franz, he had to roll up informations that would assist him to develop a better tool to happen the ultimate reply to their inquiry ( 2001 ) . They wanted to cognize if things like insouciant Fridays and other frock policies had an consequence on the employee s attitudes and behaviours. Franz reported in their research that it has been a turning tendency to let a more insouciant garb in the work topographic point. A figure of concerns feel that insouciant frock at work is considered a benefit that they offer their employees, if they are able to. Casual frock helps employees to salvage and concerns to salvage that offer a vesture disbursal, because they have lower dry cleansing measures, and do non hold to buy the more expensive formal concern expressions. They found that the bulk of employers felt that insouciant frock is a positive alteration from the past old ages which required a formal concern expression every twenty-four hours by its employees. The riddanc e of professional frock policies besides help to interrupt barriers between direction and their workers. The consequences of this research did non turn out to demo that frock options had an impact on whether or non an employee s satisfaction or behaviour improved, every bit good as if they were more likely to go forth their current place. At the terminal of their research they advised concerns to look at what plants for their company and employees. This survey looked at concern garb and insouciant frock which they explained. Business frock is the more formal and traditional suit with a tie for males in authoritative colourss such as black, gray, and navy. Casual frock was described as denims and a shirt with possible athletic places ( Franz, 2001 ) . Haise ( 2003 ) explored the issues related to an employee that has to have on a uniform and how they feel about it. There are some occupations where it is necessary to necessitate employees to have on a uniform. Those that have to have on what their employer has chosen for them have changing sentiments on them. Haise explains that when small idea is given to the employee when the uniform is created and implemented it can go forth the employee experiencing really disgruntled. The consequences from this research showed that when employees were more involved in the determinations with the choice on the uniform and were asked by their employers for feedback they had more respect and had increased satisfaction with the uniform. The writers of this survey did cautiousness employers about leting the employees to hold excessively much influence on the uniforms as they might develop hyperbolic outlooks. Although they feel that some sentiments could assist to increase the employee s satisfacti on and better their feeling about their employers. Haise s research was selected because it was interested in how employees felt about uniforms. It was nevertheless non wholly focused on occupation satisfaction and uniforms. Haise s ( 2003 ) survey contained great information on the feelings of employees who had to have on uniforms. It besides discussed the practical demands for quality uniforms and the functions they play in different concerns. After reexamining the findings of other research worker s at that place seems to be a deficiency in the some countries of facets of occupation satisfaction. Job satisfaction plays a major function on both the employers and the employee s lives. The research has proven that when employers offer more opportunities for their employees to be able to custom-make facets of their occupation to their specific demands there is an addition in satisfaction felt by the employees affected. Employees appreciate concerns that show that they care about their employees and do an attempt to do certain they are satisfied at their occupations. Companies that offer benefits like the 1s discussed in this paper frequently see greater employee keeping from its employees. Employers should make whatever they can to demo they care about their employees so that they are acquiring the most out of their workers. Some benefits that employers can offer their employee s semen at small to no excess cost to them. Something so simple as merely asking about workers feelings and sentiments can hold a major impact.

Educational and psychological Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Educational and psychological Statistics - Essay Example A total of 101 students in 6 streams were selected as representative population. The students taking part in the study were at various levels of studies and of different sexes.   The sample was categorized into two namely, earners or maintainers. Maintainers started with high score but in the subsequent assignments, their scores were consistently reduced leading to negative motivation. Conversely, earners scores were increased each time an assignment was given. The research hypothesized that students who are subjected to subtraction of marks are highly motivated than the students who are constantly added marks. For purposes of this essay, six positive attributes namely; motivation, interest, participation, urge, inspiration and excitement about the course are used. The mean of each attribute is calculated for generalization purposes. Then the overall mean is computed to give the general feeling or attitude of students towards the course. Further suggestions on ways of improving the test are also made.A study or test is a systematic means of enquiry that employs the use of scientifically approved techniques to find answers to problems and attempt to solve them or come up with or complement existing knowledge. Studies critically examine situations, phenomena, problems and occurrences with a view of initiating certain actions. Therefore, it must be objective and free from prejudice and biasness. It involves gathering data, changing the data into meaningful form called information and deriving conclusions.... There are two major categories of studies namely quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative studies are concerned with numbers i.e. the variables are quantified e.g. marks scored by students in particular examinations. The answers in most instances are already been given and what the respondent is required to do is to tick the applicable case or choice. On the other hand qualitative studies focus on other factors which may be related to variable. This is done by allowing respondents to describe their views about the subject and therefore offers more flexibility. It must be noted that the two categories can be used together in one study. This is usually the case in many surveys. Data collection is an integral part of research. The value and credibility of a study relies on the methods and how data was collected. A poorly collected data carries significant errors resulting into rejection of results and therefore waste of resources. Therefore, the results of the test must be valid a nd reliable. The validity is checked by investigating whether the results actually measure what it claims to determine. The reliability is concerned about the reproducibility of the same results under same conditions but different administrations. Various methods of data collections exists but the choice of specific method depend on the type of study, available resources e.g. time, the volume of data to be collected and certain aspects of population among other reason. For instance, in a population where there is high illiteracy level using a self administered questionnaire is likely to generate flawed result because majorities do not know how to read or write. Conversely, if you want to extract large volume of information within a short time from educated

Management Accounting 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Accounting 3 - Essay Example Developed by Dr. Robert Kaplan of Harvard Business School and David Norton as a performance measuring framework which could have the capability to take into account the strategic vision and goals of the organization. It is also viewed as value methodology besides being considered cost benefit analysis tool however it is also being labeled as something which can help organizations to change value culture as well as improving operational efficiency and profitability of the organization. (Gumbus and Lussier). The need for developing a balanced score card emerges because though companies are good at developing the glossy mission and vision statements however they fail to develop operational strategies which can help achieve organizations those strategic goals and due to the lack of ability of the organizations to effectively measure whether they are achieving their strategic goals, and targets, organizations found Balanced Score card a very effective tool to measure and monitor their per formance against their strategic goals. Since a balanced score card connect various components of the organizational strategy making such as organizational resources, customers, people, operations, finance and the community also therefore Balanced Score Card is a very comprehensive strategic tool to manage above all. This essay will look into some of the key performance areas which a balanced score card look into and will review their usefulness in achieving the strategic goals within the context of a service organization. Balanced score card have evolved from being a simple performance measuring tool to one of the highly used strategic management tools organization could ever have. It tends to associate the non-financial aspects of the performance with the financial aspects and presents a broader and deeper view of the organizational performance and its relevance to the overall organizational strategy. Rather than being simply used as a performance measurement tool, it

History of Coffee Essay Example for Free

History of Coffee Essay The global spread of coffee growing and drinking began in the Horn of Africa, where, according to legend, coffee trees originated in the Ethiopian province of Kaffa. It is recorded that the fruit of the plant, known as coffee cherries, was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia through the great port of its day, Mocha. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th century and probably much earlier. In an attempt to prevent its cultivation elsewhere, the Arabs imposed a ban on the export of fertile coffee beans, a restriction that was eventually circumvented in 1616 by the Dutch, who brought live coffee plants back to the Netherlands to be grown in greenhouses. Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encouraged coffee drinking. The first coffeehouses or kaveh kanes opened in Mecca and quickly spread throughout the Arab world, thriving as places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged and singing, dancing and music were enjoyed. Nothing quite like this had existed before: a place where social and business life could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where for the price of a cup of coffee anyone could venture. Perhaps predictably, the Arabian coffeehouse soon became a centre of political activity and was suppressed. Over the next few decades coffee and coffeehouses were banned numerous times but kept reappearing until eventually an acceptable way out was found when a tax was introduced on both. By the late 1600’s the Dutch were growing coffee at Malabar in India and in 1699 took some plants to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia. Within a few years the Dutch colonies had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe, where coffee had first been brought by Venetian traders in 1615. This was a period when the two other globally significant hot beverages also appeared in Europe. Hot chocolate was the first, brought by the Spanish from the Americas to Spain in 1528; and tea, which was first sold in Europe in 1610. At first coffee was mainly sold by lemonade vendors and was believed to have medicinal qualities. The first European coffeehouse opened in Venice in 1683, with the most famous, Caffe Florian in Piazza San Marco, opening in 1720. It is still open for business today. The largest insurance market in the world, Lloyds of London, began life as a coffeehouse. It was started in 1688 by Edward Lloyd, who prepared lists of the ships that his customers had insured. The first literary reference to coffee being drunk in North America is from 1668 and, soon after, coffee houses were established in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and other towns. The Boston Tea Party Of 1773 was planned in a coffee house, the Green Dragon. Both the New York Stock Exchange and the Bank of New York started in coffeehouses in what is today known as Wall Street. In 1720 a French naval officer named Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, while on leave in Paris from his post in Martinique, acquired a coffee tree with the intention of taking it with him on the return voyage. With the plant secured in a glass case on deck to keep it warm and prevent damage from salt water, the journey proved eventful. As recorded in de Clieus own journal, the ship was threatened by Tunisian pirates. There was a violent storm, during which the plant had to be tied down. A jealous fellow officer tried to sabotage the plant, resulting in a branch being torn off. When the ship was becalmed and drinking water rationed, De Clieu ensured the plant’s survival by giving it most of his precious water. Finally, the ship arrived in Martinique and the coffee tree was re-planted at Preebear. It grew, and multiplied, and by 1726 the first harvest was ready. It is recorded that, by 1777, there were between 18 and 19 million coffee trees on Martinique, and the model for a new cash crop that could be grown in the New World was in place. But it was the Dutch who first started the spread of the coffee plant in Central and South America, where today it reigns supreme as the main continental cash crop. Coffee first arrived in the Dutch colony of Surinam in 1718, to be followed by plantations in French Guyana and the first of many in Brazil in the state of Para. In 1730 the British introduced coffee to Jamaica, where today the most famous and expensive coffee in the world is grown in the Blue Mountains. The 17th and 18th centuries saw the establishment across Brazil of vast sugar plantations or fazendas, owned by the country’s elite. As sugar prices weakened in the 1820’s, capital and labour migrated to the southeast in response to the expansion of coffee growing in the Paraiba Valley, where it had been introduced in 1774. By the beginning of the 1830’s Brazil was the world’s largest producer with some 600,000 bags a year, followed by Cuba, Java and Haiti, each with annual production of 350 to 450,000 bags. World production amounted to some 2. 5 million bags per year. The rapid expansion of production in Brazil and Java, among others, caused a significant decline in world prices. These bottomed out in the late 1840’s, from which point a strong upward movement occurred, reaching its peak in the 1890’s. During this latter period, due mainly to a lack of inland transport and manpower, Brazilian expansion slowed considerably. Meanwhile, the upward movement of prices encouraged the growth of coffee cultivation in other producing regions in the Americas such as Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador and Colombia. In Colombia, where coffee had been introduced by the Jesuits as early as 1723, civil strife and the inaccessibility of the best coffee-growing regions had hampered the growth of a coffee industry. Following the â€Å"Thousand Days War† of 1899 to 1903, the new peace saw Colombians turn to coffee as their salvation. While larger plantations, or haciendas, dominated the upper Magdalena river regions of Cundinamarca and Tolima, determined peasants staked new claims in the mountainous regions to the west, in Antioquia and Caldas. New railways, relying on coffee for profit, allowed more coffee to be grown and transported. The opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 permitted exports from Colombia’s previously unreachable Pacific coast, with the port of Buenaventura assuming increasing importance. In 1905 Colombia exported five hundred thousand bags of coffee; by 1915 exports had doubled. While Brazil desperately tried to control its overproduction, Colombian coffee became increasingly popular with American and European consumers. In 1914 Brazil supplied three-quarters of U. S. imports with 5. 6 million bags, but by 1919 that figure had fallen to 4. 3 million, while Colombia’s share had risen from 687,000 to 915,000 bags. During the same period Central American exports to the U. S. had risen from 302,000 to 1. 2 million bags. In spite of political turmoil, social upheaval and economic vicissitude, the 20th century saw an essentially continuous rise in demand for coffee. U. S. consumption continued to grow reaching a peak in 1946, when annual per capita consumption was 19. 8 pounds, twice the figure in 1900. Especially during periods of high global prices, this steadily increasing demand lead to an expansion in production throughout the coffee-growing regions of the world. With the process of decolonisation that began in the years following the Second World War, many newly independent nations in Africa, notably Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi, found themselves in varying degrees dependent on coffee export revenue. For US coffee drinkers, the country’s wettest city, Seattle, has become synonymous with a new type of cafe culture, which, from its birth in the 1970s, swept the continent, dramatically improving the general quality of the beverage. This new found evangelism for coffee has spread to the rest of the world, even to countries with great coffee traditions of their own, such as Italy, Germany, and Scandinavia, adding new converts to the pleasures of good coffee. Today it is possible to find good coffee in every major city of the world, from London to Sydney to Tokyo; we are drinking more and, more importantly, better coffee. The importance of coffee to the world economy cannot be overstated. It is one of the most valuable primary products in world trade, in many years second in value only to oil as a source of foreign exchange to producing countries. Its cultivation, processing, trading, transportation and marketing provide employment for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Coffee is crucial to the economies and politics of many developing countries; for many of the worlds Least Developed Countries, exports of coffee account for more than 50 percent of their foreign exchange earnings. Coffee is a traded commodity on major futures and commodity exchanges, most importantly in London and New York. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION I. FACILITIES According to the experts and professionals, the facilities must be divided into series of modules which can be combined as required to suit a particular location. The following modules are included: A. Administrative Service †¢ Lobby 15 m? †¢ Information and Reception area 10 m? †¢ Toilet 1. 67 m? B. Employee Facilities †¢ Cafeteria and Kitchen 30 m? †¢ Recreation Area (Indoor and Outdoor) 50 m? †¢ Factory Men’s and Women’s Lockers and Toilets 35 m? †¢ Office Men’s and women’s Lockers and Toilets 35 m? †¢ Meeting area 45 m? †¢ Nurse’s station and First Aid 25 m? C. Warehouse 200 m? D. Wet Processing Area (Produces Washed Coffee) †¢ Cherry reception/Sorting Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Floatation Area 30 m? †¢ Pregrader/Pulper Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Pregrading Area 25 m? †¢ Fermentation Area 35 m? †¢ Washing Area 25 m? †¢ Grading Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Skin Drying Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Sun and or Mechanical drying area 20 m? /machine †¢ Storage 35 m? †¢ Toilet( Men and Women) 6 m? E. Dry Processing Area( Produces Original Coffee) †¢ Cherry reception/Sorting area 15 m? /machine †¢ Floatation area 25 m? †¢ Skin drying and raking area 20 m? /machine †¢ Storage/conditioning area 35 m? †¢ Toilet(Men and Women) 6 m? F. Coffee Milling Area 25 m? /machine G. Packaging Area 20 m? /machine H. Cocoa Processing (to produce cocoa butter, cocoa powder) †¢ Cocoa Bean Reception Area 30 m? †¢ Cleansing and Shelling Area 45 m? †¢ Winnowing And Roasting Area 30 m? †¢ Grinding and Refining Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Alcalizing Area 20 m? †¢ Pressing Area 20 m? /machine †¢ Milling Area25 m? /machine †¢ Bagging Area 25 m? /machine †¢ Storage 35 m? I. Delivery Loading/Unloading Area 80 m? J. Parking Area 100 m? K. Villas for tourist 3600 m? †¢ Villa lot size 120 m? L. Villas for Workers 3000 m? †¢ Villa lot size 90 m? M. Museum 150 m? N. Coffee Spa 200 m? O. Restaurant 200 m? P. Horse Back riding 500 m? Q. Sports and Recreational Facilities 1500 m? Machinery and Equipments (Wet Process and Dry Process) †¢ Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP 700 †¢ Vertical Disk Type Coffee Pulper VCP – 5000 †¢ Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP – 200 †¢ Bucket Elevators 1 †¢ Bucket Elevators 2 †¢ Coffee Hullers †¢ Coffee Graders †¢ Gravity Separators †¢ Catador †¢ 50 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ 150 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ 70 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ Coffee Grinder †¢ Coffee Mixer Machine Harverster †¢ Korvan Harvester †¢ Brastoft Harvester. Details and Images of Machineries and Equipments attached in Appendix I BREWING TIPS FOR THAT PERFECT CUP †¢ Buy freshly roasted coffee in whole beans. Coffee is best consumed within 60 days from when it was roasted. †¢ Store in an air tight container away from light. †¢ Grind your coffee as you need it. Make sure that you use the right grind for your brewing system. †¢ Use cold filtered water that is pleasant tasting. †¢ Use one standard coffee measure or two tablespoons per 6 oz cup of coffee †¢ To keep your brewed coffee longer transfers it to a thermos. Space Programming (Coffee Processing) Space Programming (Employee Facilities). Site Selection I. Criteria for Site Selection |Location |It should be located in an agricultural zone with soil that are deep, well-drained | | |and rich in organic matter | |Size |30 to 50 hectares | |Accessibility |Easy access to Metro Manila, to major to minor road | |Transportation |Must be reachable through commuters and private vehicles | |Climate/Environment |Climate which has sharply defined wet and dry season, the mean temperature is 20o to| | |38o Celsius | |Topography |Relatively flat | |Utilities |Accessible to water main, proper sewage system, electrical service and communication | | |networks |. Site Selection |Criteria |Site A |Site B |Site C | | |(Sumulong,Batangas) |(Lipa City, Batangas) |(Lipa City, Batangas) | |Location It should be located in |It is located in an agricultural |It is located in agricultural zone|It is located in agricultural | |an agricultural zone with soil that|zone of brgy. Simulong Batangas |of Brgy. Pinagkawitan, City of |zone of Brgy. Pussil. City of | |are deep, well-drained and rich in |City |Lipa |Lipa | |organic matter | | | | |Size – 30 to 50 hectares. |20 hectares |55 hectares |24 hectares | |Utilities Accessible to water | National Power Corporation, |National Power Corporation, |National Power Corporation, | |main, proper sewage system, |Batangas Water District |Batangas Water District, PLDT, |Batangas Water District, PLDT, | |electrical service and | |Digitel Telecommunication Phils. |Digitel Telecommunication | |communication networks | |And Globe Telecom |Phils. And Globe Telecom | |Accessibility Easy access to |Easy access to Metro Manila, to |Easy access to Metro Manila |Easy access to Metro Manila | |Metro Manila, to major and minor |major and minor road |To major to minor road |to major to minor road | |road | | | | |Transportation Must be reachable|Public utility vehicles |Public utility vehicles |Public utility vehicles | |through commuters and private |Private vehicles |Private vehicles |Private vehicles | |vehicles | | | | |Topography – Relatively flat |Relatively flat | Relatively flat | Relatively flat |. |Climate Climate which has sharply|Temperature of 26 ° / 38 °c, wet |Temperature of 25 ° / 36 °C wet |Temperature of 25 ° / 38 °C wet | |defined wet and dry season, the |and dry season |and dry season |and dry season | |mean temperature is 20o to 38o | | | | |Celsius | | | | Based from the site selection, Site B is the best site among the other site choices. Site B is strategically located in well – agricultural zone and meets the entire requirement needed in the proposal in term of conditions of land and distance from the Brgys. Apparently Site B heading the most perfect site for the proposal since, it is near from the commercial areas and its in agricultural zone III. Profile of Site A. Locations Situated in near Brgy. Pinagkawitan, Lipa City, Batangas, Boundaries: South Luzon Expressway, Padre Torres Provincial Road B. Size – As recommended the size of the site 30 to 50 Hectares is near and most rated in the site category and most preferred site standard to the proposal. C. Accessibility – the site accessibility is no problem at all since; the site is adjacent to the expressway and major road in Batangas D. Utilities – Telephone, Fax, Radio, Electricity from National Power Corporation, water supply from Batangas Water District E. Transportation – Public Utility vehicles and rivate vehicles F. Topography – flat terrain Map and details of the site are attached in Appendix II DESIGN CONCEPT Modern architecture is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. The style was conceived early in the 20th century. Modern Architecture was adopted by many influential architects and architectural educators, however very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. It gained popularity after the Second World War and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings for three decades. CHARACTERISTICS Modern architecture is usually characterized by: †¢ a rejection of historical styles as a source of architectural form (historicism) †¢ an adoption of the principle that the materials and functional requirements determine the result. †¢ an adoption of the machine aesthetic †¢ a rejection of ornament †¢ a simplification of form and elimination of unnecessary detail †¢ an adoption of expressed structure †¢ Form follows function DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ZONING: Zoning determines the size and use of buildings, where they are located and, in large measure, the densities of the city’s diverse neighborhoods. Along with the city’s power to budget, tax, and condemn property, zoning is a key tool for carrying out planning policy. ACCESSIBILITY: Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product (e. g. , device, service, and environment) is accessible by as many people as possible. DISABILITIES: The disability rights movement advocates equal access to social, political, and economic life which includes not only physical access but access to the same tools, services, organizations and facilities which we all pay for. STABILITY: Stability of the propose building must be consider. The builfing must withstand any circumstances that might affect and might destroy it, like an earthquake. References Burea of Agricultural Statistics Department of Agriculture Nescafe Philippines Inc Nestle Philippines Inc P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code R. A.1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing http://www. tupeloplantation. com/documents/tupelo-plantation-pud. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc http://www. charityfarm. co. uk/charityfarm. htm http://www. vetiver. org/ETH_WORKSHOP_09/ETH_A6a. pdf http://www. losaricoffeeplantation. com/ http://xandercap. com/Documents/New%20Exec%20Summary%20-%20V2. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980 THE SITE.

Writing and Being Chapter II Exploration: The River of Your Life :: Journal Writing

Writing and Being Chapter II Exploration: The River of Your Life Dear Journal, I've taken some looks back to early point of my life. I was curious to see what got me to this point in my life and what had me turn out to be the person that I am today. I went back as far as my birth to see or try to notice certain things or events that shaped my personality. Like I said, I went back as far as my birth to figure it out. My birth was most definitely the weirdest thing I've ever experienced, and the worst thing that I probably will ever experience, besides my death, which, so I've heard, is being born backward. Being born was so weird because it happened through a C-section. I was born on January 20, 1982 in a hospital in Chicago Heights, Illinois. I can't remember whether it was night or day. My parents were there, my grandparents were there. It felt weird because I had no idea whatsoever about what was going on at the time or where I was. I didn't even know what people were at the time, either. I thought the people watching over me were weird objects. I'm sure I was crying like crazy because of all the commotion. Then, I went to sleep later after all that and woke up. I was wondering what happened. I might have been in a different room for all I knew then or all I know now. Everything that went on during the first year or so was weird because I didn't know what I was doing or how I was doing it. I'd never experienced it before and didn't know what anything was. From that point on until age ten, about 1992, life was very easy. I didn't have to work for what I wanted, I'd still just have it given to me, in every place but school. But I was a good student who did the work, I just didn't like to do it. For a few years after my birth, my grandmother helped raise me while my mother was trying to attain some degree, Masters, Bachelor's, I'm not sure which. She used to roll me to the park every afternoon in a carriage and always fed

Video Surveillance Cameras

Attempts to monitor employees have always existed in one form or another, from mechanical keystroke counters in the early part of the century, to the latest innovations in electronic monitoring. As technology advances, so do the monitoring possibilities in the workplace. As result of the endless possibilities in surveillance, anxiety in employee†s increase, which in most cases leads to illnesses. Studies have shown that individuals who are constantly being monitored at work suffer from inevitable effects, the majority being illnesses such as physical, emotional, and mental disorders. Employers feel they have the right to monitor their employees, however when extensive monitoring effects a employees health, then the employers has gone to far. Advance technology has lead to monitoring devices such as via computers, video surveillance, and active badges in the last decade, but as the intensity of the surveillance increases so do the negative effects on the employees. There has been a huge increase to pass legislation†s that will regulate the employer in monitoring his employees† by via computer. Monitoring an employee by via computer is one of the latest innovations in electronic monitoring, which is done by purchasing and installing software in the companies computer system. Once the software is installed, it will be able to do a variety of types of electronic monitoring from keystroke counting and accuracy, time how long it takes to make a transaction, and how long the computer has been on idle. This type of electronic monitoring that involves advanced technology and â€Å"the constant monitoring to measure employees† performance creates an enormous amount of pressure and stress†¦ he stress that is created by monitoring has caused serious physical effects† (Ternipsede 447) on employees in the work place. Many employees have been effected from such setting in the workplace, but they are unaware of the effects since they take many years to develop fully. Another type of electronic monitoring that can damage an employee†s health is video surveillance. Video surveillance has existed in the work place since the invention of the television. Video surveillance cameras come in all shapes and sizes, from the obvious ones to some that are small as a dime. Many employers purchase such devices to capture employees and customers who commit theft and fraud, or any other illegal activity. The increase of technology in electronic monitoring is now able to transfer images from a camera to a computer where the employer is able to zoom in and make a positive identity of the employee or customer who is committing an illegal act. This type of monitoring is also to make an employee feel under pressure in hoping â€Å"to enhance employee productivity and quality assurance,† (Ternipsede 447) which serves as a benefit to the employee, employer, and customer. However, many employees do not notice the effects of video surveillance has on their health since there only concern is getting there work done and making their employer happy. One other type of surveillance that causes health risk to the employee is an active badge. Active badges are another type of the latest innovations in electronic monitoring and one of the most controversial types of employee monitoring. The active badges are the size of a credit card that is worn on the outside of the clothing. It keeps track where the employee goes by infrared sensors that are located through out the workplace. Many employer†s who promote this type of electronic monitoring argue that it saves time when having to track someone down. They also argue that it is more of a private way of needing to speak to an employee privately, instead of having to announce their name over the intercom. These active badges also have their negative effects on an employee since they feel entrapped in their workplace because they know that someone else always know where they are. It makes an individual feel like they are in prison, except that they are not secured into their workplace by bars and concrete walls. This type of electronic monitoring is one of the most controversial because it is a new way to invade an individual privacy, without the exception of cameras and monitors. Employers have a right to know whether their employees are on task, however when it infringes on the employees privacy and causes health effects it has gone to far. The employers have the responsibility to hire trustworthy employees and make sure they do their job, not tracking every move they make. As technology advances, business management gets lazier and new monitoring devices pose a threat to employees. The employees well being should be considered before implementing any monitoring systems. Therefore, who knows what electronic monitoring will hold in the future, but will it become so sophisticated that it will cause an employee to choose not to work and live off the government?