Effectiveness Of A Police Officer s Responsibilities

When we look into the effectiveness of a police officer’s responsibilities, we often wonder if the job that they are doing is adequate in the eyes of the community as well as the department. Why are there so many police officers surrounding that house or car? Where is the police when you really need one? How much money will it cost the city to fund this operation? These are some of the main questions that will be asked at any given time when it comes to examining the effectiveness of the police. Often times the citizens feel as though they have given up on the police and wonder who is policing the police? There are some that even say that the police are the biggest crooks in town! In the end, what are we supposed to do? BODY When†¦show more content†¦Some departments are limited to the workload/caseload, having a heavy caseload does not reflect good for effectiveness due to the caseload that the assigned officer or team have to spend on the case â€Å"departments having a large number of reported crimes per police officer have lower arrest rates than other departments† (Chaiken, 1977, p. 9). Having a heavy case load is not an effective viewpoint of the department, too many cases for the department to handle. Spending time on a case is another limitation that a department or detective faces. Spending time looking at surveillances, reviewing reports, and/or identifying a suspect can and does consume considerable time of any given detective or department, yet this time is valuable when it comes to presenting evidence to the prosecutor to present the evidence in court â€Å"the principle means by which all relevant evidence is gathered and presented to the courts† (Chaiken, 1977, p. 1 5). Detectives and/or departments are also limited in the area of productivity, often times the information or the availability of a witness does not produce the outcome that detectives would deem useful â€Å"crimes that occur in the night or in private places when the victim is not present are unlikely to produce either witnesses or useful information† (Skogan, 1979). While detectives spend time, investigating a crime that delivers little fruit, time slips away and it appears that theShow MoreRelatedPolice Enforcement And Community Policing1657 Words   |  7 Pageshas become a new trend in law enforcement. A majority of contemporary police departments now claim to use community policing. Community policing builds on basic policing practices with an emphasis on crime prevention and lasting solutions to problems. Community policing was established in the 1970s, but did not become popular until the 1990s. The goal of community policing is to rebuild the bond between citizens and police officers, while at the same time reducing crime and fear. This then restoresRead MoreLaw Enforcement And The Community1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthe law in today’s free society. Law enforcement officers face the best and the worst in humanity. The strained relationship between law enforcement and the community hinders the effectiveness of police officers. There are several approaches to improve the relationship between police officers and the community. Some of these approaches include community policing, use of force, body-worn cameras, and specialized training requirements for police officers, among others. At some point in the history ofRead MoreNational Symbol For The Drug Abuse Resistance Education Programs949 Words   |  4 Pageswhich are partnered by experience police officers, parents and schools throughout the United States. All D.A.R.E. officers are those who are members of agencies that share the responsibility protecting the trademark mission that is D.A.R.E. This program has been taught in all 50 states and at least 49 countries. During the late 1970’s and early 1980’s there was an unparalleled rise with drug among our youth in Los Angeles. As a result, in 1983, the Los Angeles police department decided to form thisRead MoreThe Importance Of Police Ethics1057 Words   |  5 PagesWe all practice discretion many times during the day in our lives. A police officers discretion is a definite judgement call in interpreting the severity of the crime committed. Proper use of discretion is probably the most important measure of a police officer or department† (Kinsey, 2014). Sometimes the actions the officer takes may not please everyone at the scene of a crime, but based on the law, the officers experience and training with a clear, sober, unbiased appraisal is whats neededRead MoreEffective Communication and Police Officers1188 Words   |  5 Pagestoday because police officers could not serve the public effectively without good communication skills. A lack of the ability to listen or to speak effectively could result in a misunderstanding. Communication plays a very important role in the lives and jobs of police officers. Communication allows officers the ability to better manage evidence by interrogating witnesses and suspects and gathering information. This allows them to make quick and informed decisions. Police officers can only succeedRead MoreEssay on Community Policing1114 Words   |  5 Pageslate 1970s, resulted from massive immigrants, the communities within America had become a diverse pool of nationalities, subcultures, and attitudes (Barlow 1996, p.651). People often identified themselves as parts of separate groups and at times the police was not part of what they called us†. During this time, a burst of new ideas and changes in the political and economic structure began to occur that would eventually bring about a new kind of police officer. InRead MorePolice Operations Paper1143 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Operations LAS CJA/214 September 03, 2010 Arnold Wicker Abstract In the early 1900 policing made up of two basic functions patrolling and investigating crimes. Patrol officers patrolled the areas mainly on foot requiring direct contact with the community they served. The detectives investigated illegal gambling operations and corruption. Looking into modern policing dangers in the jobRead MoreRobert Peel s Principles Of Law Enforcement1253 Words   |  6 Pagespolicing. In the year of 1829, he formed the first modern metropolitan police department which the modern day police were known as â€Å"Peelers,† or â€Å"Bobbies.† He set up principles, which are called Peel’s Principles of Law Enforcement that have influenced that has set the foundation to how to keep the safety of fellow citizens as well as justice for actions. These nine principles set up what he envisioned the metropolitan police to stand for and he wanted people to mold themselves to the conformityRead MoreImplementing The President s Task Force On 21st Century P olicing Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesOn December 18, 2014, President Barack Obama signed an Executive Order establishing the President s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. The Task Force Members sought expertise from stakeholders and input from the public through Listening Sessions, teleconferences and written comments as they worked to identify best practices and make recommendations to the President. The Task Force submitted an initial report to the President on March 2, 2015 and released the final report on May 18, 2015 (FinalRead MoreNoise Solution And Noise Pollution1027 Words   |  5 Pagesimproved transportation system made it a lot easier for people to be able to move from place to place. Commercial businesses began popping up everywhere and conflicts were bound to happen from time to time. When there are complaint(s) about noise violations police officers often use civil remedies to mediate what an ordinary citizen perceives to be a crime. It is important that thes e commercial businesses find ways to prohibit people from disturbing the peace and being a nuisance to other businesses

The Importance Of A Health Physician Or Nutritionist

When I first thought of what I wanted to do with my life after college, the first thing I thought of was helping people. The next step in deciding what I wanted to do with my life was to exam how I could accomplish this goal. I started pondering and I was thinking about how much I love to take care of my body. Health care and personal hygiene has always been an important factorin my life. So I decided to major in Health Science. With this major, I will be able to further my education in ways to be healthy and possibly learn how to help others. I decided that being a health physician or nutritionist was something that I was really interested in. This is where communication studies came in. I figured that if I minor in communication studies, I could improve my oral and written communication to better help in my future of nutrition. Communication studies was a good pick for me because, although there is always room for improvement, I can still garnish some more knowledge and information to better improve my oral skills. My personality will really fit into the communication department. I have been told about how fun the communication department can be, and how outgoing people are in the department. I initially liked this a lot because I am very outgoing myself and love to talk to people. I feel that I can be able to exhibit concise messages to people, clearly and efficiently. Communication is defined in the book as a systematic process in which individuals interact with andShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Illegitimate Case1563 Words   |  7 Pagesshe was to attend education for nutrition, medication administration, dressing changes and the monitoring of signs and symptoms of complications. She never attended conversations regarding any of needed education with her family, the nurses, a nutritionist, or discharge planner. She had no motivation for physical/respiratory therapy, ambulation, sitting in a chair or going to the bathroom; she remained in bed and watched television or slept. Nursing staff and family completed bedside support forRead MoreThe For A Better Health Care System Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesHealth is very important to everyone regardless of race, gender, religion, culture and status in the society. When health fails, people expect to be taken care by well-skilled, knowledgeable and safe nurses. In partnership with the 2010 Affordab le Care Act and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Institute of Medicine implemented recommendations to help and support the delivery of a better health care system. The Institute of Medicine is defined as identifiers, for study and analysis, important issuesRead MoreThe Importance Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act916 Words   |  4 Pages The impressions of the anticipated the change of the health care delivery system, nurses face the challenge and opportunities. Three health care models Medical homes, accountable care organizations (ACO), and nurse-managed health clinics (NMHC) discussed with the nurse colleagues. The following are the feedbacks. The nurse NL, who interested in the Medical Home delivery models, The significant contribution of the model is the use of health information technology (HIT) and payment reform (The MedicalRead MoreQuality Improvement: Pressure Ulcers1416 Words   |  6 Pagesmonths of admission to a long-term care facility are associated with a 92% mortality rate compared with a 4% mortality rate for patients who do not develop them (Thomas, 2001). This evidence alone shows how significant this problem is to the overall health status of patients. In my personal nursing experience, I have heard many complaints voiced from patients and their family members concerning the development of new pressure ulcers. Patients and family members have expressed dissatisfaction becauseRead MoreThe Primary Healthcare Approach ( Phc ) Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe Comprehensive PHC Approach Introduction The Primary Healthcare Approach (PHC) aims to provide healthcare for all in South Africa. One of the principles of the PHC approach is that of multi-professional teams. As a developing Integrated Health Professional (IHP), I will be a part of the healthcare system as a doctor, and therefore play a critical role in the comprehensive care approach within the broader PHC. Method As part of my research for this essay, a wide variety of sources were consultedRead MoreFuture of Nursing Essay760 Words   |  4 Pageswith other health professionals in a complex and evolving health care system in a variety of settings† (Shalala, Bolton, Bleich, Brennan, Campbell, Hanson, et al., 2010, p. 164). Education must provide a transition from student to nurse and from advanced registered nurse practitioner to the clinical setting. The committee calls for more nurses to have their baccalaureate degree and to also obtain an advanced degree or a doctoral degree. 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He enlisted the help of other medical professionals to assist with the creation of a health facility that would serve â€Å"the unserved and underserved population of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.† (Swayne, p. 742) Unfortunately, Dr. Williams died shortly afterRead MoreTreatment Plan For Health Condition And Treatment1167 Words   |  5 Pagesgoing to do about it Heart Health Condition Social worker is to begin by conducting a psychosocial assessment on the patient. Considering his noncompliance to adhering to his treatment, it is important to identify any psychological factors related to regimen adherence. The psychosocial assessment will help the multidisciplinary team understand the patient’s behavior. The clinical assessment should include any problems from the patient related to adjusting to his health condition and treatment, problemsRead MoreQuestions On Nursing Health Nursing1546 Words   |  7 PagesNURS 409 Community Health Nursing Weekly Clinical Journal Each clinical week a journal needs to be submitted evaluating your ability to meet the clinical performance objectives. Examples must be provided detailing how you have achieved the objectives. 1. Plan, provide, and delegate client-centered and coordinated care that promotes safe and high quality outcomes. - During this week I was not in the clinical setting, however I did participate in a case studies in which I was able to plan provide

Managerial Decision Making Action Making Process

Question: Describe about the Managerial Decision Making of Action Making Process. Answer: Introduction: Managerial decision making is the process of selection by an authoritative person from various sets of alternatives, outputs or ideas, and taking suitable action. The 'action making' process consists of four steps, which are, identifying the problem, generating solutions for the problem, analyzing and choosing among the available solutions, monitoring the selected solution. The managerial decision making process revolves around four tasks, which are, planning, organization, leading and controlling. It centers on the problems like Crisis, Non-crisis, and Opportunity problems. The crisis problem refers to the serious challenges which require immediate attention (Bauer et al. 2013). A non-crisis problem claims resolution but does not have the immediacy components of a crisis. Opportunity problems are related to those circumstances which offer a strong potential for important organizational gain if proper actions are taken. The decision making process is divided into two ways, programmed and non-programmed (Tengblad 2012). Programmed decisions are taken under planned decision rules, and non-programmed decision making happens when the circumstance is comparatively ill-structured. The organization and its problem: The organization chosen here is Woolworths Limited. It is a major Australian company, having a massive share in Australia and New Zealand's retail markets. After Wesfarmers, which is a Peru-based retail focused conglomerate, Woolworths is the second largest company in both Australia and New Zealand, by revenue. It had opened its first store in Sydney in the year 1924. In the year 1985 Woolworths took over 126 Safeway stores in Eastern Australia. It made the organization the largest food retailer in the country. Since then, the organization spread its branches all over Australia, New Zealand, and now introduced its stores in India. The primary services by the organization include supermarkets under the organization's brand, liquor retailing, hotels and pubs, and discount departments. It is a public firm, with most of its shares distributed among the citizens of Australia (Arli 2013). The organization is facing some serious problems currently like a damaged public image and loss in revenue due to the lack of foreseeing, in the market demand scenario. It has triggered a chain of other issues like firing employees and incurring losses in both monetary terms and human resource. The organization is already looking for answers and taking measures to get out of this situation. The managerial decision making is playing a huge role in this situation. The authorities are addressing the problems at a time. As the problems are inter related, it is expected that solving the primary problem will have a trickledown effect on the other disturbed scenarios of the company. Although this process is time consuming, the authorities have seeing the urgency the situation demands. If the organization takes too much time in clearing these back logs, the future holds more thorny ways for it (Guerrero 2013). Problem definition: list of the symptoms: The organization is facing problems followed by the milk crisis in Australia. These problems came through a series of international choices made by the governments while facing some international difficulties. Australia has a large exporting milk industry. One of the major importing countries of the milk products sold by Australia was Russia. The sudden change of plans in international scenario led to a series of crisis in the domestic market of Australia affecting the organization, as it was operating in the local market at a large scale. Russia in August of 2014 announced a full trade embargo on agricultural imports. It includes dairy products as well. The reason behind this decision was related to the sanctions referred to the Ukraine conflict. It had a large impact on Australia's export market. Before the ban, Australia exported more than 600,000 tons of dairy products to Russia. This caused a series of problematic symptoms of oversupply in the domestic market, making the price o f milk products sold by the Woolworth go down by a huge margin (Lawrence Richards and Lyons 2013). This situation, in turn, took effect on the farmers operating in the domestic market (Buonanno and Nugent 2013). The company came in a war with the local farmers to survive in the market by slashing its prices. It caused damage to the Woolworths Limiteds public image. The oversupply of milk got worsened by the major decision taken by European Union in the form of removed Quota on milk production (Beetham and Lord 2014). This made the market faced by Woolworths more competitive. The issue the organization is facing thus is pointed towards the forecasting department of Woolworths (Besley et al. 2013). Solution generation: Woolworths now can address these issues both externally and internally. Externally, the higher authorities of the organization can approach the Government of Australia to create a price floor for the dairy products, under which there will be no selling of those products. This will save both the organization and the local farmers, who are in grave danger due to this crisis. Internally the firm has to build a stronger forecasting group which will act faster when crises like this appears. To get this strong forecasting group, the organization has to change its hiring policy. More personnel from economics background with sufficient experience are needed to fill up the gaps in the forecasting group. They will understand the international as well as the domestic relations faster, giving the firm ample time to rethink its strategies and address the customers. Moreover, a damaged public image has a negative correlation with the demand a firm faces in the market. Therefore, new personnel for public relation are also needed in the Human Resource department, who can handle the pressure that had built up in the market. A new market research team has to be appointed as soon as possible to evaluate the situation properly and get the data needed to make improvements in this situation (Moore 2015). The new research team, along with the old ones has to be linked with the forecasting group to assure better results. The research and development team of the firm should look for other opportunities to use the oversupply of milk. New dairy products hitting the market will clear up more inventories of the firm, keeping the market imbalances at a new equilibrium. The Woolworths workers who were employed in exporting dairy products is facing hug challenges in keeping their job in the company. The organization must look for other positions within the company to absorb these people and engage them in a productive market system (Gouran 2015). Solution evaluation: The forecasting team will give support to the production houses in understanding present and future market demand, as the production process and the revenue related to it depends on them significantly. The hiring team should keep in mind the opportunity of engaging efficient personnel in all the fields of production in the organization. More efficient worker will produce more effective results in the retail market as well as in other scenarios where public image plays a vital part. The research team will help the forecasting team and the team handling the companys public image. Data collected by the market research team along with the forecasters utility will tell the organization what to produce, how much to produce and to what quantity (Png 2013). This new research team can also extend its support to the research and development team as well. The excess supply of milk can be converted into many other products. The both these teams together can find out the market demand for the new products the domestic and international market holds. The company can share this information with the local farmers for betterment of the supply sources outside the companys raw material supplier circle. This will help the organization as well as the farmers. It will, in turn, improve the public image of the company. The employees who were previously engaged in the export of the dairy products in Europe and Russia have to be employed in a productive process of the company. This will save their jobs as well as reduce the cost of future employee searching operation. By hoarding these skilled workers the company will gain a competitive edge against the rival firms. The external solution needs the higher authorities to take the initiative (Matthews 2013). The government policy makers are looking for answers to solve the present milk crises problem. A price floor will save the farmers who are still fighting in the market for survival. This process will directly and indirectly help the o rganization to increase its revenue in the near future (Fletcher 2013). Implementation and action plan: The proposal for price floor to the government hast to be given by the authorities as soon as possible. The matter has urgency due to the large set of population involved in the primary sector of the country. Thus, hiring professionals has to be started immediately. Along with the new faces joining in Woolworths the market research will hit the system (Berglund and Sandstrm 2013). It will reveal the efficient paths of production for the organization. In the mean time, during the first month the workers who were working in the exporting area of the company will be moving to other productive sources. The whole process of workers mobility process should be done by the end of the seventh month. This way the company will achieve efficient allocation of resources. The forecasting team will start working from the 5th month with the help of the market research team to assess the future possibilities as well as find solutions for the present situations. The following table shows the action pl an for next 10 months. Sl no. List of actions 1st and 2nd weeks 1st and 2nd months 3rd and 4th months 5th, 6th and 7th months 8th month 9th and 10th months 1 Price floor proposal 2 Hiring new personnel 3 Market Research 4 Forecasting by the team 5 Worker mobility 6 Product innovation Table 1. Action plan for the managers of Woolworths. Source: As created by the author. The table above shows the six plans which are available for the next ten months to the organization. The total time needed by the company to run the whole process is 10 months. The actions on price floor proposal to the government and the new personnel hiring policy should be taken at first. The next policies will be moving smoothly through the planned path. The whole recovery of the organization and the local farmers are depending on the following 10 months. If everything goes according to the plan, the eighth month will be the ideal month for the research and development team to start the innovation process (Clampitt 2012). The knowledge acquired by the market research team will be helpful in this process. The innovation process will help the company to survive through the coming tough times and stay ahead of the competitors. The innovations will absorb the excess supply by the local farmers (Johansson and Fransson 2012). Absorbing the products of the local farmers will help the fa rmers as well. The manager and the authorities have to keep their eyes on the whole process throughout these 10 months to yield the optimal outputs. Conclusion: Woolworths Limited along with other retailers and local farmers is facing a downfall in the domestic and international market of dairy products. The government has to be included in order to come out this trapping situation. The organization can play a vital role in this process by being the first mover. The internal strategies are needed to help the company survive through this tough time. The organization can take the above mentioned plans to keep the company afloat. Price floor proposal, Hiring new personnel, Market Research, Forecasting and Worker mobility are the only current available options for the organization to keep a floating production process and a healthy public image. The product innovation is recommended to stay ahead of the competitors both in present and in future. The Human Resource department of the organization is going to play a crucial role in the coming days, as the process of hiring efficient personnel will keep going for next 10 months. The market research team also has an important place in the planning. The mobility of workers has to be done by the end of the seventh month of the planned period, which gives a small time period to the production process to absorb the new system. References: Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy| Ventura, 16(1), pp.27-46. Bauer, J.C., Schmitt, P., Morwitz, V.G. and Winer, R.S., 2013. Managerial decision making in customer management: adaptive, fast and frugal?. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(4), pp.436-455. Beetham, D. and Lord, C., 2014. Legitimacy and the European Union. Routledge. Berglund, H. and Sandstrm, C., 2013. Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions. International Journal of Product Development, 18(3-4), pp.274-285. Besley, S., Bringham, E.F., Henry, D. and Watanabe, T., 2013. Corporate finance: the essentials, Asia-Pacific edition. Cengage Learning Australia. Buonanno, L. and Nugent, N., 2013. Policies and policy processes of the European Union. Palgrave macmillan. Clampitt, P.G., 2012. Communicating for Managerial Effectiveness: Problems| Strategies| Solutions. Sage Publications. Fletcher, R., 2013. Practical methods of optimization. John Wiley Sons. Gouran, D.S., 2015. ECONOMIC RATIONALITY, TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY STYLE. Disturbing Argument, p.19. Guerrero, E.G., 2013. Managerial challenges and strategic solutions to implementing organizational change in substance abuse treatment for Latinos. Administration in Social Work, 37(3), pp.286-296. Johansson, M. and Fransson, T., 2012. What distinguish managerial behaviour in small service companies?. Lawrence, G., Richards, C. and Lyons, K., 2013. Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change. Journal of Rural Studies, 29, pp.30-39. Matthews, J., 2013. Design Thinking and Management Education: Benefits for Problem Framing and Problem Solving. In Proceedings of the 27th Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference: Managing from the Edge. ANZAM. Moore, S.J., Madin, B., Norman, G. and Perkins, N.R., 2015. Risk factors for mortality in cattle during live export from Australia by sea. Australian veterinary journal, 93(10), pp.339-348. Png, I., 2013. Managerial economics. Routledge. Tengblad, S., 2012. The work of managers: Towards a practice theory of management. Oxford University Press.

The Daughter Of Time By Josephine Tey Essays -

The Daughter of Time by Josephine Tey Josephine Tey's The Daughter of Time is a historical novel that looks at the belief that Richard III, King of England, murdered his two nephews in order to maintain his power. This novel also supports the belief that the ?truth comes out through time.? In the novel the main character, Grant, is concerned with what he believes is a unknown fact of whether or not the long ago King of England was guilty. Throughout his search for the answer Grant discovers many history books which all tend to view Richard in different ways. It is from these different views of the same man, that one can draw the conclusion that bias plays a major role in the validity and credibility of documents and personal accounts. So what is the role and in what ways does the truth come out through time? As historians we must look at what it is that we are reading. In saying this it means we must read between the lines. And not just see the words but where they came from and what the writer is trying to say. As was demonstrated in The Daughter of Time, the documents which Grant read all differed in the way they viewed Richard III. This could have been because the writer's attitudes towards Richard were all different. For example, in the novel, Sir Thomas More's and later accounts of Richard III were derived from John Morton, Richard's bitterest en enemy. Sir Thomas's account was from the view of someone who hated Richard and is therefor considered biased. As a historian it is important to realize that some facets of history are written with a biased opinion and it is our job to realize which ones can be credited and which ones can't. Personal accounts and documents are often overlooked or considered unbelievable because they cannot be considered valid due to the bias opinions of the writer. As historians many find this discouraging because they have no account of what really happened and only have what can be read from the writings of others. In the media bias plays a role in the validity of certain things. An example, just one out of the many, where bias plays a role in the credibility of certain events is the Pocahontas story. With out going into too much detail it is safe to say that the Disney version was very much altered from the real version. Pocahontas was a nickname for ?the naughty one? the girls real name in this legend was Matoaka. [visit http://www.powhatan.org/pocc.html to see what is being referred to] If bias continues to effect how valid certain past documents are, the documents which help to base our future, than what do we as historians have to go on? When one takes The Daughter of Time and looks closely another name for daughter one may come up with is truth. The truth is what eventually evolves after time. ?The truth comes out through time,? is a statement which this book The Daughter of Time demonstrated very well. It showed how Grant found evidence to support his belief that Richard the III was in fact innocent. It took many years for someone to realize this but that is the role of time in this case. Grant used information from books, which had been written over time, as a basis for his evidence to come to the conclusion that Richard had no reason for killing the boys. Generally speaking the truth comes out through time in everyday events as well. For instance when children go missing what happened to them eventually reveals itself after a period of time. In murders and criminal cases the ?who done it' also takes time to find. As historians ?bias? and ?truth? are two words which have very important meanings. For many the bias which certain accounts are written by are considered very entertaining and allow the reader more insight on what it may have been like, as was seen in The Daughter of Time. But at the same time others find it difficult to distinguish between what you can and can not believe. Bias has a very negative effect on the truth. For example in everyday life when a poor child says ?No, I did not steal it, ? and then another child, a rich child of higher status, says ?yes, he did,? the personal bias that you feel

Adoption of M

Adoption of M Executive Summary Current trends in education show that Mobile learning (M learning) has significantly redefined learning processes. However, at the heart of its adoption lie serious concerns about the benefits, limitations, and implications of M learning.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Adoption of M-learning Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explores these concerns by evaluating the issues that surround the adoption of M learning and its potential ramifications for students and educators. Based on the challenges and responses given by educators, regarding the adoption of M-learning, this paper predicts that more educators will adopt the M learning technology beyond the current integration of learning processes. Introduction Mobile services have increasingly become part of everyday life. Indeed, it is normal to see the dominance of technology on most aspects of human life. This trend has also g ripped the education sector because instructors and students today use technology to teach and learn. This trend has slowly crept into the education sector because technology today is more portable and affordable than in the past years. For example, many mobile devices, such as cell phones and PDAs, have increasingly become affordable and accessible to most people because their prices are relatively reasonable, as opposed to other technological device such as computers. It is for this reason that MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) say, â€Å"Features such as the facility to make phone calls, take pictures, record audio and video, store data, music, and movies, and interact with the Internet all provide opportunities that could be harnessed in the educational context† (p. 602). The availability of technology has brought new opportunities in learning, especially concerning the easy access to information communication technology (ICT). Mobile learning (M learning) is one such platform th at uses technological advancements to support learning. M learning involves the use of specialised technology such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile telephones, MP3 players, notebooks, tablets, handheld computers, iPads (and the likes) in learning. The adoption of M learning technology in education has brought significant changes, challenges, and opportunities in learning.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper explores some of these issues through a critical analysis of the benefits, implications, and ramifications of M learning. At the centre of this analysis is the technology acceptance model Technology Acceptance Model Many educators have used the technology acceptance model to evaluate the possible benefits of new technology in learning (Seliaman 2012). Many researchers have also advanced the technology acceptance model as a valuable tool in M learning research (Seliaman 2012). Its usefulness in the adoption of M learning especially surfaces here because the model evaluates how students accept and use M learning. The technology acceptance model suggests that many students are motivated to accept and use M learning because of its perceived benefits and ease of use (Seliaman 2012). The first criterion (perceived usefulness) was first described by Fred Davis as the ability of students to see how new technologies improve their learning processes (Lumsden 2011). Fred Davis also defines the second criterion (perceived ease of use) by suggesting that most students would be willing to accept new technology if they consider it to be free from effort (Abeka 2012). Kynslahti (2003) conducted a study to evaluate the significance of M learning in education by demonstrating that the M learning technology improved learning in three dimensions – convenience, expediency, and immediacy. Seppl Alamki (2003) compared these three dimensions to a different finding where they analysed the responses of trainee teachers regarding their perceived uses of M learning. The trainee teachers agreed with most of the findings proposed by Kynslahti (2003) when they admitted that M learning gave them a lot of convenience when teaching. They supported this claim by saying that M learning enabled them to manage their time better and more efficiently. For example, the teachers said M learning devices enabled them to work on trains or buses if they needed to write notes or share some information with their colleagues (Seppl Alamki 2003).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Adoption of M-learning Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The trainees also admitted that M learning devices provided them with expediency in teaching, especially because they could easily access the internet whenever and wherever they pleased. Relative to their claims, MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) add, â€Å"For example they could use the mobile devices when they were in the shops to check if there was a particular foodstuff at school, which was needed in a lesson on home economics. They were able to integrate technologies, whereby they could upload images from their mobile phones, rather than waiting to return to class to do so† (p. 603). Lastly, the trainees said that the greatest advantage they enjoyed from M learning was its immediacy (Seppl Alamki 2003). They mostly cited the fact that they could undertake most learning tasks immediately, without having to wait for an â€Å"appropriate† time to do so. For example, they said they could easily take pictures and share them with their colleagues in real-time. They also mentioned their contentment with the fact that M learning technologies helped them to make memos and share them, while observing other trainee lessons (Seppl Alamki 2003). The teachers therefore had no reservations regarding the technology. Gen erally, the technology acceptance model shows that the perceived benefits of M learning in education have a significant impact on the decision by teachers or students to embrace the technology in their learning processes. However, given the pivotal role that most educators have to play in learning, it is crucial to appreciate the power that most of these educators have in inhibiting or supporting the adoption of M learning technologies in education. It is also important to appreciate the familiarity of technology among most educators, although people should agree that this familiarity does not mean that all educators know how to integrate this new technology into their learning processes (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). It is for this reason that it is equally important to understand why educators may not openly incorporate technology in their teaching practicesAdvertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Barriers to the Adoption of M-learning MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) say many barriers prevent the complete adoption of M learning technologies. Broadly, the reasons for instructors and students to resist the adoption of new technology in learning may be widespread, but some issues are very specific to M learning. For example, some educators are not comfortable with using M learning technologies in the classroom. Such groups of educators may therefore be less inclined to adopt new technologies in the classroom. Some educators and students are also less enthusiastic to embrace new technology in their learning processes. These groups of people are also less likely to embrace the M learning technology. Lastly, another group of educators and students may not fully enjoy the benefits of M learning because of their failure to understand its benefits, or the lack of proper understanding regarding how M learning technologies work. Personal attitudes and preferences also have a significant role to play in understanding if people will adopt new technologies, or not. For example, research has proved that even though educators know the potential benefits of adopting M learning in the classroom, they need to have a strong personal conviction that they would be able to execute the new technologies in their learning processes. If they do not believe they can do so, they would be resistant to the technology. Relative to this assertion, MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) says â€Å"An educator that feels ill at ease when using ICT is typically the result of negative past experience, conversely an educator may feel at ease with ICT when they have had a positive personal experience using ICT and therefore, research shows that they would be more willing to include it into their teaching practices† (p. 603). Educators may however experience a change of belief and attitude when they face the challenge of adopting new technologies, but this change ought to happen in the context of past en counters, vicarious experiences, and social or cultural experiences with M learning (Abeka 2012). A positive experience with M learning may lead to increased enthusiasm to adopt the technology in education, while a negative experience with M learning may equally lead to increased opposition of the technology. MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) suggest that the measurement of a teacher’s personal belief about a new technology is therefore a reliable measure for the understanding of lasting changes of M learning in the classroom. New studies have also shown that an increased sense of proficiency in one technological medium of learning may also lead to the adoption of M learning, or similar technologies (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). In Caspi and Gorsky (2005), researchers showed that most teachers and students who were proficient in E-learning had a high likelihood of adopting other ICT tools in their learning processes. Overall, it is important to agree that the personal perception of ICT proficiency significantly determines the frequency that an educator, or a student, may use M learning in education. Nonetheless, it is unwise to use the attitude of an instructor, as the single most reliable indicator of the adoption of M-learning in education (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). Challenges Posed by M Learning While many studies have explored the potential benefits that M learning brings to education, other studies have also explored the potential challenges caused by M learning (especially how they significantly prevent their adoption in education) (Abeka 2012). For example, MacCallum Jeffrey (2009) single out the concept of mobility as a serious challenge posed by M learning. They say that even though many studies have shown that most teachers and students appreciate the mobility created by M-learning, this technological tool also allows students to associate external issues (outside the classroom) with their technological gadgets, thereby compromising the objectivity of t heir learning process (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009). Indeed, â€Å"Inside the classroom, mobile devices provide students with the capabilities to link to activities in the outside world, albeit these activities do not correspond with either the teacher’s agenda or the curriculum† (MacCallum Jeffrey 2009, p. 610). This challenge dents the efficiency of conventional teaching practices. Another possible challenge that plagues the application of M learning technology is the informality that it introduces to education. People have regarded education as a highly formalised discipline that thrives on clearly defined rules of sourcing, retrieving, and analysing information. However, the M learning technology introduces informality to education, thereby undermining the formal structures that have traditionally characterised the education system (Seliaman 2012). This analysis does not however mean that the informality introduced by M-learning is a bad thing for education. However, any possible benefits that may be enjoyed through informality may be lost if the informality is allowed to characterise all aspects of education. For example, many students live in distinct social networks, but if technology undermines the existence of these networks, the students may oppose them. Another factor that may potentially prevent the smooth adoption of M learning stems from serious concerns expressed by Gong Wallace (2012) regarding the adoption of the technology in learning. One concern is the erosion of the collaborative environment that should characterise teacher-student interaction. According to Gong Wallace (2012), M learning decreases the level of interaction between students and their teachers. They also say that M learning prevents immediate feedback between students and teachers (Gong Wallace 2012). High school dropout rates are also common among students who use M learning technologies (Gong Wallace 2012). Besides these challenges, Gong Wallace (2012) add that â€Å"M learning also creates a time-place displacement that decreases communication, erodes social connections, and increases feelings of personal loneliness and depression† (p. 7). Moreover, some scholars have expressed concern that the widespread use of M learning may encourage plagiarism as students have an unlimited access to web materials that they may pass off as theirs (Banyard Underwood 2006). Additionally, Gong Wallace (2012) have little doubt that M learning causes identity reconstruction challenges, as it erodes the traditional face-to-face interaction model of learning. This is especially true because participants who use M learning may easily maintain anonymity as they use the technology. According to Gong Wallace (2012), the anonymity that M-learning supports in education may promote deception and antisocial behaviours in learning. Comparatively, Anderson Emmers-Sommer (2006) say face-to-face interactions in the classroom pose several advantages to stu dents and educators alike because face-to-face interactions are active and interactive (attributes that the M-learning model seeks to erode). Equally, Sherblom (2010) contends that â€Å"in M-learning, uncertainty reduction strategies are altered, both restricted and expanded, in ways that affect interpersonal impressions, communication, and relationships† (p. 497). Beyond the psychological limitations of adopting M learning, Gong Wallace (2012) say that the restrictions and challenges that characterise the use of M learning technologies are still apparent. Most of these restrictions and challenges stem from the uses, prices, and sizes of the technological gadgets used in M learning. A common concern that many educators have, is the quickly changing nature of technology (Gong Wallace 2012). Indeed, technological gadgets evolve quickly and one type of technology that may be useful this year may not be so useful in three or five years. Some people also consider some of the te chnological gadgets that most educators use in M learning as â€Å"expensive toys† (Gong Wallace 2012). This perception may affect the attitude of some students, or teachers, in adopting the technology in education. Additionally, some of the technologies used in M learning require high system requirements that may reduce their efficiency in the learning context. For example, Chen-Chung (2009) says, â€Å"The screens on handheld devices are designed for individual-user mobile applications. They may therefore constrain interaction among group learners† (p. 127). Lastly, Luminita (2010) observes that personal ownership in M learning is a key factor that supports the realisation of its learning benefits in the classroom (both personal and group learning may potentially lead to the realisation of these benefits). Some of these benefits may be tangible or intangible. However, personal ownerships of M-learning devices pose the greatest benefits in learning. Certainly, if all students own an M learning device, they can easily explore the benefits of the device, beyond the realms of the classroom setup. However, institutional ownerships of these devices pose a challenge to the realisation of these benefits because students do not own the M learning devices (personally). Conclusion This paper mainly takes a keen interest in the adoption of M learning from an educator’s point of view because educators are usually the primary point of contact with students. Educators also experience the support and barriers to the adoption of the new technology first hand. Currently, many of these educators have embraced M learning through a simplistic version of integrating education processes. However, the potential for M learning exists beyond the realms of integrating educational processes. For example, the use of M learning for SMS notification and quiz distribution is a very limited application of the technology. This limited application of M learning may stem from the potential limitations of the technology, or the fact that its application is still very â€Å"young† and fragile. Indeed, M-learning is a relatively new technology in learning, but the success or failure of its adoption will largely depend on the ability of educators and students to see its benefits (at least according to the technology acceptance model). The experience, attitude, and perception of the new technology will also play an instrumental role in ascertaining if students and educators will adopt the M learning technology successfully, or not. However, as more researchers continue to explore the benefits and implications for the adoption of the new technology, there is a high likelihood that many educators may appreciate the full benefits of adopting M-learning in education. References Abeka, S 2012, An Investigation Of Factors Influencing Corporate Customers Acceptance Of Internet Banking: A Case Study Of East African Trade Finance Customers, GRIN Verlag, Mu nchen. Anderson, L Emmers-Sommer, M 2006, ‘Predictors of relationship satisfaction in online romantic relationships’, Communication Studies, vol. 57 no. 1, pp. 153-172. Banyard, P Underwood, J 2006, ‘Do enhanced communication technologies inhibit or facilitate self-regulated learning’, European Journal of Education, vol. 41 no. 3, pp. 473- 489. Caspi, A Gorsky, P 2005, ‘Instructional media choice: Factors affecting the preferences of distance education coordinators’, Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 169-198. Chen-Chung, L 2009, ‘Analysis of peer interaction in learning activities with personal handhelds and shared displays’, Journal of Educational Technology Society, vol. 12 no. 3, pp. 127-142. Gong, Z Wallace, J 2012, ‘A Comparative Analysis of iPad and Other M-learning Technologies: Exploring Students’ View of Adoption, Potentials, and Challenges’, Journal of Literacy a nd Technology, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 2-27. Kynslahti, H 2003, Mobile Learning, IT Press, Helsinki. Luminita, S 2010, ‘Internet-a new way of training, designing an e-learning platforms’,  Young Economist Journal, vol. 11 no. 1, pp. 151-158. Lumsden, J 2011, Human-Computer Interaction and Innovation in Handheld, Mobile and Wearable Technologies, Idea Group Inc (IGI), New York. MacCallum, K Jeffrey, L 2009, Identifying discriminating variables that determine  mobile learning adoption by educators: An initial study. Web. Seliaman, S 2012, ‘Mobile Learning Adoption in Saudi Arabia’, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 69 no. 1, pp. 391-393. Seppl, P Alamki, H 2003, ‘Mobile learning in teacher training’, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 330-335. Sherblom, J 2010, ‘The computer-mediated communication (CMC) classroom: a challenge of medium, presence, interaction, identity, and relationshipâ€℠¢, Communication Education, vol. 59 no. 4, pp. 497-523.

Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca

Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca Resort description Resort All Inclusive is a 3-stars hotel that recently entered the Mediterranean Basin hotel industry. The hotel is strategically located at Mallorca Island. The hotel industry in Mallorca has been characterized by rampant growth over the past decades as a result of increment in the rate of tourism in the region (Buswell, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decision to locate the resort at Mallorca was motivated by the need to exploit the tourism resources in the Mediterranean Basin. According to Buswell (2009), Mallorca is characterized by physical resources that are significant in development of tourism. The main resources include beaches, vegetation and fascinating mountains. To attract both local and international customers, Resort All Inclusive is committed at ensuring that client s attain a high level of customer satisfaction. To attract and accommodate a large number of customers, the resort has 4 buildings that have a total of 600 rooms. The rooms are specially designed and furnished to give an appealing ambience. Jenkins and Pigram (2006) are of the opinion that resorts should offer a range of leisure, shopping, transport, recreation, accommodation and entertainment facilities. Inclusion of these components is fundamental in attracting and retaining tourists. This arises from the fact that customers have diverse tastes and preferences. Firms’ management team should undertake a comprehensive market research in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of customer needs. The research should focus on both the consumer and the competitor. The resort has incorporated a number of entertainment facilities which include a football courtyard, table tennis, 4 swimming pools, a volleyball court and a mini golf court. Additionally, the resort is also cons tituted of 3 restaurants, 1 oriental thematic restaurant, 3 bars, a pizzeria, snack bar and a barbecue.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate mission Most businesses derive their success from adhering to the set objectives and principles outlined in their mission statement. The mission statement guides the various activities undertaken by businesses (Kazmi, 2008). In the course of its operation, the resort is guided by an effective mission that entails providing unique hospitality experience to customers. The resort intends to achieve this by offering high quality services to customers in addition to promoting a business environment that is fosters a high level of friendship, openness and comfort. To improve its public image, the resort has incorporated the principles of environmental responsibility and sustainability. Objectives and goals One of the aspects th at the resort’s management team has identified being critical in its quest to attain competitiveness entails creating sufficient market awareness. Consequently, the resort intends to develop a comprehensive marketing campaign. The campaign is aimed at attaining a number of financial and non-financial objectives as outlined below. To provide the resort’s owners with reasonable return on their investment. The firm intends to achieve this by increasing the firm’s sales revenue with a margin of 20% within one year after launching the marketing campaign. To continuously increase the resort’s growth in sales revenue during the summer and winter months and attain global market awareness in 3 years. To create new revenue opportunities by diversifying its source markets. To double the size of customer base within 5 years. Segmentation, targeting and positioning According to Jenkins and Pigram (2006) market segmentation is ranked amongst the most important strate gic management concepts in marketing. Segmentation entails dividing the entire market into small and distinct components depending on variables such as buyer characteristics and customer requirements (Havaldar, 2010). Market segmentation is very important in ensuring that a particular firm effectively addresses the target market needs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Campaign for a 3 stars resort with and innovative concept in Mallorca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the ways through which market segmentation achieves this is by formulate effective marketing strategies. There are various variables that firms can use in the process of segmenting the market. One category of variables includes demographic variables. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2008) define targeting to include the process of assessing the most optimal market segment to select. Upon determining the segmentation and targeting stra tegies to be incorporated, it is fundamental for marketing managers to ensure that a clear and appropriate image with regard to the firm and its products or services is developed amongst consumers. To achieve this, marketing managers are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that effective positioning strategies are incorporated. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2008) further define positioning as ‘the process of designing distinctive offerings and images for target markets’ (p. 261). Over the past decade, Mallorca hotel industry has become very competitive. Intense competition is mainly evident in the 3-star sector. According to Buswell (2009), 55.2% of hotels in Mallorca were 3-star hotels. However, by 2008, the number of 3-star hotels had declined to 52.8%. This shows that 3-star hotels have lost some ground. One of the factors that have led to decline in the number of 3-star hotels relates to emergence of 5-star hotels which have gained substantial publicity. However, their market share is relatively small (Buswell, 2009) Considering the above changes in the hotel industry, it is important for the resorts’ management team to institute effective segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To attain competitiveness, Resort All Inclusive has adopted demographic variables in segmenting the market. Segmentation will aid in determination of the most effective methods to incorporate in its marketing campaign. The firm segmented the market on the basis of social class. The three main social class constructs that will be considered include lifestyle, income and occupation. To increase its profitability, Resort All Inclusive will target tourists, the business community and visiting business travellers in the Island. The resort will also target high-end consumers who have a relatively high income and have incorporated leisure in their consumption process. To maximize sales revenue, the resort will target both domestic and international tourists. To appeal to a large number of potential customers within the target customer groups, the resort has developed an effective positioning strategy. The positioning strategy entails differentiating the services provided thus increasing th e probability of customers attaining exceptional experiences. Exceptional value will be attained by incorporating the concept of value addition. The resort intends to position itself as a 3-star plus hotel that is strategically located and committed towards provision of differentiated services that will lead in customers feeling respected, appreciated and valued. According to O’Quinn, Allen and Semenik (2009), advertising campaigns are fundamental components in firm’s effort to create awareness of their brand. Advertising campaign Resort All Inclusive; â€Å"Stay Resort All Inclusive, Go Everywhere†. â€Å"Go Chill†, â€Å"Go Foodie† and â€Å"Go Refresh†. Media plan The firm appreciates the importance of incorporating an effective media plan in the advertising campaign. According to Drewniany and Jewler (2008), hoteliers should undertake an optimal selection of the media to use in the advertising campaign in order to achieve the intended o bjectives. The campaign will be conducted through both traditional and emerging advertising mediums. Some of the traditional mediums used include posting the advertising message in travel magazines, business dailies and newspapers. To appeal to customers, the firm posts the ad message and images on bill boards that are strategically located. The message is also conveyed to customers through television and radio adverts. The adverts are also posted on the firm’s website and social media such as You Tube and Facebook in order to reach a large number of potential customers. The media plan used by the firm has been very effective in attracting customers. This arises from the fact that it effectively communicates the unique quality of products and services offered at the hotel. By patronising the hotel, customers are guaranteed maximum satisfaction. The satisfaction is derived from the wide range of products offered. Different foods and drinks that are prepared by qualified chefs are offered in the 3 restaurants in the resort. Consequently, customers’ tastes and preferences are taken into consideration. The hotel rooms will be fitted with necessary technologies such as Wi-Fi, and free internet in order to cater the needs of business customers and tourists. In effort to appeal to a large number of potential customers, Resort All Inclusive has also adopted use of video in its media plan. The firm posts videos and images of the hotel and the products provided on various mediums such as magazines newspapers, it official website, You Tube and Facebook. Posting images and videos related to Resort All Inclusive products and services such as the sporting facilities, foods and drinks on the internet significantly influences the target customers in their decision making process. The hotel room image below is one of the images posted on the firm’s website, Facebook and You Tube. This plays a significant role in attracting potential customers by appealing their emotion. Public relations campaign In addition to the ad campaign Resort All Inclusive is committed at developing a strong customer relationship. Gregory (2000) asserts that public relation campaigns are fundamental in developing customer relationship. Considering the fact that the resort is located along the Mallorca Beach, the hotel hosts kite surfing events dubbed ‘Resort All Inclusive, Leisure with a difference†. The event is usually held during the summer and winter seasons. The event is comprised of various surface water sports which include paragliding, windsurfing, extreme sports, gymnastics and wakeboarding. The event attracts different water sports fans within and without Mallorca. Additionally, the hotel also hosts other sports events such as football, table tennis and tennis. Some of the celebrities that the events attract include Roger Federer and Rafa Nadal. The celebrities play an important role in endorsing the event. In the process of making their consumption decisions, consumers are influenced by celebrities. This explains why Resort All Inclusive has appreciated the importance of endorsements of its products and services by renowned celebrities. The event is very famous that it attracts both domestic and international sports journalists who cover the event. Consequently, the resort has been able to develop sufficient market awareness both domestically and internationally. Upon introducing new products and services or improving the existing products, Resort All Inclusive conducts press conferences. The press conference is aimed at creating awareness to target customers regarding the new products and the improvement undertaken. In the press conference, Resort All Inclusive explains the benefits that customers will derive by consuming the new products or services. Both domestic and international journalists are invited in order to create awareness to large number potential customers. According to Marchand (2000), press confere nces are an important element in firm’s promotional and public relations efforts. To improve its effectiveness in developing a strong customer relationship, the resort also undertakes electronic public relations campaign. To achieve this, the firm has developed a Wiki and a Blog through it interacts with its customers. These tools provide customers with an opportunity to communicate their opinion regarding the services provided by the firm. On the other hand, Resort All Inclusive is able to clarify various issues that arise from the market. Consequently, Resort All Inclusive is able to access market sentiments hence undertaking the necessary product and service improvements. Upon launching an advertising campaign and public relations campaign, the resort’s management team objective is for the campaign to run for one year. It is the objective of Resort All Inclusive management team that one year is sufficient to create the desired level of market awareness. However, the firm is cognisant of the need to ensure that consumers are constantly informed. Consequently, the firm allocates a substantial amount of money in its budget for the campaign. In this campaign, the firm has allocated $2 million to cater for the campaign. Despite the cost involved, the advertising campaign is very effective in enhancing the firm’s long term survival (O’Guinnn, 2009). Conclusion There is a high probability of Resort All Inclusive succeeding in attaining a substantial market share in the 3-star hotel industry in Mallorca. This arises from the fact that the firm is committed at creating sufficient market awareness. The advertising and public relations campaign have been very effective in influencing the consumers in their decision making process. From the analysis conducted, it is evident that Resort All Inclusive hotel is committed at increasing its sales revenue by undertaking a comprehensive advertising and public relations campaign. The objective of th e ad campaign adopted by the resort will enable the firm to continuously develop sufficient level of market awareness amongst the target customer groups. The firm will derive its success from the effectiveness with which it creates market awareness. By adopting the above advertising campaign, there is likelihood that the resort will attract both domestic and foreign customers. This arises from the fact that the resort will continuously appeal to its target customer groups hence influencing their purchase decisions. The use of traditional and emerging marketing communication mediums will create awareness to a large number of potential customers. Consequently, the firm will increase its customer base. The public relations campaigns will improve the effectiveness with which the firm interacts with its customers. The sporting event attracts numerous sports athletes and fans hence improving the resorts publicity. To determine the effectiveness of the advertising campaign, Resort All Incl usive undertakes continuous review of the campaign. The review aids Resort All Inclusive in the process of making the necessary adjustments hence improving its effectiveness. Reference List Buswell, R. (2009). Mallorca and tourism. History, economy and environment. Mallorca: Channel View Publications. Drewniany, B. Jewler, J. (2008). Creative strategy in advertising. New York: Cengage. Gregory, A. (2000). Planning and managing public relations campaign. New York: Kogan Page. Havaldar, K. (2010). Business marketing: text and cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Jenkins, J. Pigram, J. (2006). Encyclopaedia of leisure and outdoor recreation. New York: Routledge. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy: Text  and cases. London: Prentice Hall. Kazmi, A. (2008). Strategic management and business policy. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Education. Marchand, D. (2000). Competing with information. New York: John Wiley and Sons. O’Guinnn, T., Allen, C. Semenik, R. (2009). Advertising and integrated brand  promotion. Mason, OH: Cengage.

Television advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Television advertising - Essay Example ising is almost similar to radio advertising only that it combines audio and visual information; a typical television advertisement would be ten to sixty seconds in duration (Entrepreneur, 2014). Television advertisements are often placed at strategic breaks in the course of the main programming as well as in the course of the last few minutes until the top of the next hour. For instance, a television advertisement broadcast during a live event such as the Olympics or the Super Bowl attracts the attention of billions of potential customers. Television commercials are generally more expensive to produce and broadcast compared to other advertising options but is more appealing to audiences and reaches a broader audience simultaneously since they are both audio and visual. Given that individuals spend at least four hours in front of the television and a majority of households own a T.V. set, television advertising remains one of the most effective marketing approaches, the prevalence of new media platforms notwithstanding. Television advertising entails two main tasks including creating a commercial that is acceptable by broadcasters on the basis of outlined broadcast standards as well as placing the advertisement strategically to reach the largest number of viewers possible. The intricacy of television advertising requires the professional input of production companies and advertising agencies with appropriate experience in the two tasks outlined above. Television advertisements increasingly feature songs or specific musical themes that are designed to hook audiences and to be memorable so that they can remain in the minds of the audience even long after the ad campaign has passed. Many television ads also exploit humour as a creative tool, since it is strongly associated with advertising persuasion; psychologists have attempted, in numerous studies, to explain the impact of humour on advertising persuasion. Headquartered in Germany’s city Bonn, T-Mobile

The growth of modern street gangs and police enforcement on gangs Term Paper

The growth of modern street gangs and police enforcement on gangs - Term Paper Example The big concern is that outside the United States, terrorists like al-Qaida are not killing people, but gang violence is killing many people every single day (Larry, 2007). Like most other indicators of criminal activity, gang related homicides decreased in the late 1990s. The trend has reversed itself in the 2000s, however: between 1999 and 2002, gang violence increased by over fifty percent. According to the US Department of justice, there are over thirty thousand criminal gangs with close to a million members in the United States. A street gang refers to any group of people who form an allegiance for a common purpose and engage in violent, unlawful, or criminal activity. The department of justice further estimates that the Los Angeles metropolitan area alone is home to over seven hundred gangs, with over hundred thousand members (Larry 2007). This group is responsible for half of the city’s homicides. Like all other upsurges in violent gang activity over the past several de cades, particularly in the late 1980s, the current increase is closely related to the illegal drug trade and use of firearms to protect the trade. The difference, according to some experts, is that more people are becoming involved in gangs for purely economic reasons, rather than the cultural or territorial motives that have traditionally fuelled gang membership. One in every three gangs runs drug-dealing operations. In addition, some researchers believe that some gangs have superior weapons than most police forces, making it very difficult for the law enforcers to control their activities. Although superior gangs, such as the Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings and Gangster Disciples are still responsible for their share of gang-related criminal activity in the United States, a relative newcomer has gained the attention of the law enforcement community because of its rapid growth and brutality. To escape the violence, thousands of immigrants fled to the United States, particularly to Los A ngeles. Their children found themselves easy prey to the existing local gangs and formed the MS-13 as a protective measure. The gang soon became involved in crime rings of its own, and the authorities responded by deporting the members - and their violent gang culture-en masse back to Central America. A large number of its members now operate in El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico, where they have killed thousands of people over the last decade. MS-13, in particular, has gained reputation of attacking the wives and other family members of rivals. In 2003, the El Salvadorian government responded with a legislation, which makes gang membership illegal. Furthermore, as part of operations to eliminate the gang, Salvadoran police gained the freedom to arrest anyone they thought was a gang member, often based on nothing more than suspects clothing and tattoos (Bruce 1999). This legislation led to deadly reactions from the gang in protest. On December 23 2004, some six gang member s boarded a bus in the northern city of San Pedro Sula and killed twenty-eight passengers, including six children, in protest to the crackdown. The law enforcement measures have been very popular with the populace; however, gang activity dropped significant following their implementation. American law enforcement agencies cannot respond with a similar operation. Under most circumstances, the fourth amendment

Radioactive materials and other polutants in water sources Research Paper

Radioactive materials and other polutants in water sources - Research Paper Example Water pollution is the term that refers to the contamination of water bodies, which include: lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater. Water pollution is caused by pollutants which are discharged either directly or indirectly into the water bodies without proper treatment for the removal of the harmful components. Water pollution affects plants and other living organisms that are present in water bodies; the effect of water pollution is not only damaging individual species and populations, but in fact the natural biological communities as well. Surface waters are referred to as natural water resources or the Earth. Surface water pollution is divided into two major categories: point sources and non-point sources. Point source pollution is where pollution is caused from a single source and can also be identified. Non-point source pollution is where pollution is not caused by just one source in fact; it is the diffused contamination that occurs from different sources rather than just one. (Water Pollution Guide) There are many causes for water pollution. The first major water pollution pollutant is sewage and wastewater. Activities such as domestic work, industrial and agricultural practices produce wastewater which then pours in the clean water stream and contaminates it. Sewages water contains pollutants such as faeces, urine and laundry wastes. The world population has reached 7 billion, therefore, sewage treatment is vital and population is like to grow hence we need to take of this cause or there will be ever-increasing water pollution. Sewage is a major problem especially in the developing countries where they do not have access to good sanitary conditions and safe water. Untreated sewage causes diseases such as diarrhea. Sewage is mainly biodegradable but sometimes is contains chemicals and pharmaceutical substances, sewage also contains viruses and bacteria thus causing health problems. (Fuller) Another major cause of water pollution is marine dumping. Marine dumping is when humans d ump garbage into the sea or ocean. This then causes the water to directly become polluted. This is a major problem throughout the world and the developing countries in particular. Since developing countries do not have a proper waste disposal system then the people dump their waste into the sea. For instance Karachi, a city in Pakistan, used to attract high numbers of tourist because of their geographical location that has more than 6 beaches. However, due to marine dumping tourism in that region has dropped tremendously in that region. Different items take different times to degrade in water, some take a shorter time for instance cardboard – two days, and some take a very long time for instance plastic packaging material – about 400 years. (Fuller) One more major cause of water pollution is industrial water and waste. Industrial waste is a huge cause of water pollution because it produces pollutants that are very harmful and dangerous to the people and the environment . Many industrial facilities use fresh water as a source to wash and carry their waste out of their vicinity into different water bodies. There are ample amounts of industrial pollutants. First is asbestos. Asbestos is carcinogenic and is a serious health hazard. It can be inhaled and can cause deadly diseases such as lung,

Impact Of Social Networking On Customer Relationship Management Marketing Essay

Impact Of Social Networking On Customer Relationship Management Marketing Essay Abstract-Dealing over the Internet is becoming extremely important. Now the organisations have a tremendous opportunity through using the internet by specifies how to increase revenue and how it can reduce the cost of sales through using the Internet power. Internet at the present time is not just an additional business channel, but even more, it is a strategic business channel through which organisations can showcase their products and services. E-Business Relationship Management, Customer Relationship Management is managing of all customers and business partners through the Internet and social networking. It is not anything else but the management of customer relationships, which contains two of the scenarios, Business to consumer scenario and Business to Business scenario. Customer Relationship Management is the strategic process to put the customers in the middle of the business world. CRM is the solution that will give the organisation all the necessary information for successful managing the customers. Index Terms-Customer relationship management, E-business, Social networking. INTRODUCTION THE Social community sites have now become available to the mainstream and individuals as from over the world have adopted this new phenomenon in the making and sharing of content. When this phenomenon started, the small online communities were the leaders of social community sites and are partly responsible for their extraordinary growth. Nowadays, social community has become one of the most popular applications on the Internet since the burst of the dot-com bubble (Chan, 2007). Also many social community sites surpass even the great Google in page hits in 2006. In addition some social community sites are targeting the business community. This tendency makes viable new business models that are semi-private and by subscription only. New e-commerce benefits to the side, the popularity of these sites have seriously heightened the threats of criminal elements, such as predators, hackers and copyright violators lurking in them. Introduction to CRM in the context of e-business Organisations are facing rapid paced changes in their business environment and this change relates to evolving customer needs, evolving technologies for meeting customer needs. Change is the only constant in an organizations life (Drucker, 1992). using technology able the companies to applied the automation in trading area this new technique leads the markets to create new policy to customer relationship management in old days markets used face to face trading thats mean you should be in the store and the body language and speaking with the worker will motivate you to buy or not, put in the now trading approach no need for being in hand, its the on-line business method. Now by changing the over all paying method from physical to virtual thats mean you should change your CRM policy and create now aides to managing customer relationships by using technology in e-business. Customer relationship management has many definitions and thats referred to the researchers or organisations view; Customer relationship management is neither a concept nor a project. Instead, its a business strategy that aims to understand, anticipate and manage the needs of an organisations current and potential customers. It is a journey of strategic, process, organisational and technical change whereby a company seeks to better manage its own enterprise around customer behaviours (Brown, 2000). In general from the definitions, CRM created to managing the customer files which contain basic information about the clients to understand and predict the customer needs and the customer behaviours. In accordance to Gefen and Ridings (2002), Can be divided the CRM into three functional categories and that is operational, analytical and collaborative CRM. Operational CRM category, as well-known as front-office CRM, Enables and simplifies communication and areas which involve direct contact with customers occur, such as e-mail promotion (Romano, 2003). Operational CRM efforts to provide smooth integration of back-office processes with customer interfaces and described CRM products on the market. Analytical CRM category, as well-known as back-office CRM, regards understanding the activities of customer that happened in front office and enable an organisation to analyse customer relationships using data mining to increase loyalty and profitability (Gefen and Ridings, 2002). Collaborative CRM category, a centre of communication and coordination network that provides the tracks for customer and supplier (Schubert Koch, 2002); It can also mean the channels of communication such as the Internet or e-mail or voice applications. Customer Relationship Management, which contains two scenarios, Business to Consumer scenario (B2C) and Business to Business scenario (B2B). From compared B2B scenario and B2C scenario will be noted that B2B closing with a supplier-vendor relationships based on history, performance and trust as well as after-sales service is of great importance; B2C market may a small but fast growing and require different kinds of relationships, information and communication approaches (Zeng and Wen Yen, 2003), B2C relationships are usually of shorter duration with shorter sales cycles and more transactions driven. B2C consumer may be seeking a combination of comfort, price and capabilities of product. The information collected around the consumer usually include demographics, past and present purchase behaviour, psychographics and preferences. A new expression for taking care of customers over the Internet, eCRM, is applied lately by some organisational and academic societies (Ragins and Greco, 2003). Social networking revolution and implications for business Humans in all cultures form complex social networks; the expression social network at this point means ongoing relations between people who are engaged in the group, either for particular reasons (such as fantasy basketball, diabetes support groups) or for more general expressions (like families, friends, social clubs). Membership of these networks may be relatively permanent (like extended families) which couldnt be changed. Or flexible (like club support groups) which may be changed. Studying social networks, makes interaction between individuals, has been considered as a main research topic in sociology (Wasserman, 1994). Many theoretical models were built to study such models and later on and Based on computerized data capability of managing large data, it is possible now to analyze real social networks that were purely theoretical researches. Boyd Introduced the following description for Social Networking Sites as, Social network sites as web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system (Boyd, 2007). Building online communities of people who wish to share interests, knowledge and/or activities, or who are concerned in exploring the interests, knowledge and activities of others. Social networking websites not only allow the ability for persons to communicate with each other but too enable persons to find individuals with the same of interest. Once they find out each other, members can form specific societies On the basis of their mutual interests. Social networking websites continues to growing up in popularity, companies can no longer only rely on traditional methods (print, radio, television, etc.) to impose the public perception of their products. On the contrary, these new channels of communication too provide organisations means to discover and maintain a persistent contact with their constituents of the most vocal. This information can be harnessed by organisations to use social networks to help consumers identify the most influential and participate in the campaign of product development, and improve the feeling of the brand. Finally the organisation marketing and services efforts can be enhanced by social networking. But to take advantage of social networks in a manner consistent, sustainable and open for analysis, the organisations need to customer relationship management solutions that present the right capabilities. The organisation that will enable individuals to build relationships and societies at the most easily way with other they trust, that organisation will win. The powerful idea in social networks is the concentration on making geographic place irrelevant. Social Community recognizes that people love to connect with people similar to them. But it may be more powerful if people use these communities and making them. Relation between Social network and E-commerce Sinha and Swearingen (2001) found that customers are more likely to accept recommendations and suggestions from other people they know and trust, for example family members or friends, rather than from automated systems in E-commerce websites. In reality, people decision when buying a product is strongly affected by his or her friend and business partner more than strangers. Also communities on the Web allow the users to express their personal choices and to share their recommendations. Social network sites become an opening point for Web users who are interested in E-commerce. Therefore, E-commerce corporations may take this advantage to increase their sales and support consumer relationship management. Many social network sites have been so attractive recently for a huge number of people. For example Facebook site has gathered around 47 million very active customers in the last three years, according to Shuen (2008), who argues that Facebook is the social network advertising platform. The importance value of these installed base over 47 million free users is immediately monetized via target advertising revenues. The writer maintains that the transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 has been marked with the dynamism and interaction of participants. She rightly notes that Techniques, architectures, and technologies that combined to trigger a phase transition, from a Web 1.0 technology collection of static websites to a Web 2.0 technology platform for anew generation of social dynamic web applications and services. The author further argues that Billions of clicks per day contribute to the collectivist Web and a rethinking of ourselves via sharing, collaborating and trading. THE Impact of social networking on e-CRM A main topic of debate between customer management and business, attention process leaders right now is making sure the business value of social CRM. The techniques and technologies of social are proliferating rapidly. Recent survey of 286 companies displays that while only 21% have established, for instance, customer community interaction sites, an amazing additional 42% are piloting or interested in executing customer communities (Forrester, 20009). Another Forrester research also spotlights that the ROI for social media applied to specific use cases, like customer service, can be attractive. (Forrester, 2009) Cutting through all the hype, companies are challenged to make difficult decisions around the level of investment they should work in Social Computing technologies such as wikis, blogs, forums, tools for customer feedback, social networking websites and customer community platforms. And they need to know how these advanced capabilities should be and how it can be integrated and structured with their transactional CRM systems. To understand this, Forrester defines e-CRM to the key of technologies that support the business processes and procedures for targeting, acquiring, retaining, understanding, and very importantly collaborating socially with customers (Forrester, 2008). The phenomenon of the social networking which is forcing business process to expand the thinking beyond the target of optimizing a two-way relationship between the companies and customer to also include the synchronise interactions that customers have between themselves. CRM is improving from its traditional concentrate on optimizing customer-facing transactional operations to include the strategies and technologies to evolve collaborative and social relations with customers, suppliers, and even competitors See the below figure (Forrester, 2008) Fig. 1. Old world and new world (social relations with customers, suppliers, and even competitors). In this new world (simultaneous and collaborative relationships), traditional CRM solutions will continue to gathering data for customer, analysis that data, and automate workflows to improve business processes. But business process must search for new and innovative solutions to engage with emerging social consumers, enhance the customer experience and knowledge through architect solutions and fundamental community-based interactions that are flexible, support and foster strong intra-organization and client collaboration. So in order to innovate the e-CRM and make the benefits of the social community, the following points may be used: Initiate e-CRM experiments immediately, specify a near-term opportunity to apply e-CRM viewpoints to a customer-facing challenge at company; Building some practical experience that will get out of old mindsets. Refine the strategies later as new insights emerge. Define social customer objectives, of the most important decision is not what the technique or technology to use; the most important is specifying what are trying to achieve and how the plan to modify and change relationships with customers. Map out e-CRM capabilities-building plan, the social CRM plan should be tightly related to business objectives, focused on customer benefits, clearly determine the processes and procedures that will be affected, and identify the associated information and capabilities required. Social networking application with exploring opportunities, benefits and risks The future of the advertising is personal. This not only means personalised in the sense that companies can prepare of custom messages to individual customers, but also personalised in the sense that product recommendations, tips and notes come directly from friends, for friends. The early examples of this new type of advertisement are called virtual marketing campaigns on the World Wide Web: the company may leak some apparently unauthorized pictures, videos, or specifications of a soon-to-be released product such as blog, that is mean the information will spreads quickly by word of mouth on all over the world. Companies such as Amazon, Netflix, ebay and Tripadvisor have popular and powerful marketing tools in the case of the Amazon website it concerns books and videos, in the case of Tripadvisor concerns hotels and restaurants, where customers write the shows of the products they liked or disliked. In that way, additional to advertisement and the mission of marketing department the company can rely on first-hand experiences through previous customers. Social networking websites take this approach additional one point: instead of receiving reviews and other information about the products from third parties is not known, consumers receive related information about the product such as experience reports or buying decisions from people they know like a friends. Facebooks Beacon program was attempt at implementing such a word-of-mouth or whats on your mind? campaign tool in a social networking website: As soon as a user of Facebook would buy an item from online shop such as buy a book at Amazon all of her friends on Facebook would be told her friends about that in the form of a status message. This allowed to easily staying up to date about friends shopping behaviors. The Facebook developer launched the Like button, Visitors may now declares their sympathy with a company or product simply by pressing the (conspicuously placed) like button. This predilection is then communicated not exclusive to the visitors entire social network website, but also to all the companies participating in the Facebook advertising platform. So the Companies may take advantage of this property by create application on the Facebook website and that will publish on all over the world and the users can see that and press on Like buttons or participate in the group and be a member and this allows the visitors to feed information into Facebook. According to Nicole, et al. (2007), in these days social networking websites have become powerful tools for customer through acquisition and retention, employee recruiting. And these form one of opportunities and benefit for social networking. Virtual Marketing also enter new dimensions through the use of social networks, With social networks, a virtual marketing campaign can rapidly and easily establish interest groups for recently launched products or upcoming events. So far, few commercial heavyweights can bear not to have appearance in these social networks (Livingstone, 2008). The customer relationship management based mainly on information and data customers, providing social networking sites a huge database can be managed through CRM. Through the social network website may the companies advertising that is product and that will reduces the cost and reach to all customer in easy way. According to Fogel and Nehmad (2008), of the most important things that constitute a risk to social networks is the information privacy and perceptions about the security of personal data, lack of interest in the field of technology from some of the people and belief that it is only for young people, perceptions about its value, truth of the information or lack of it, lack of understanding how to use these websites and lack of interest in contacting and sharing knowledge. Conclusion The most important for CRM in e-Business objectives is reduce the cost and time-saving and that happen through using the technology revolution such as social networking website and knowledge sharing and understand customer buying behavior by collect and analysis the information of customer. eCRM is not created to change the marketing however instead to enhance it, eCRM tools available to marketing manager to help them to achieve their goals and objectives. eCRM and marketing manager together can successfully carry out new products and launch new marketing campaigns to satisfy customer needs and wants. With many of the features intrinsic of embracing social networking websites and other social media channels of communication, companies need to carefully assess not solely the opportunities of such a move, but must also face the risks.

Acceptance of Electronic Tax Filing System Essay

LITERATURE REVIEW Governments around the world are started relying on e-government system such as e-filing system to improve their efficiency and effectiveness in tax return. The number of literatures is getting more on e-filing system. According to Azmi and Bee (2010), Azmi et al. (2012), Fu et al. (2006), Schaupp et al. (2010) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010), they assessed the acceptance intention of the e-filing system by using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the previous literatures, the determinants of e-filing tax system in the TAM which widely used are perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Besides the technology adoption determinants, perceived risk is also an important prediction that used to examine the attitude of taxpayers toward e-filing tax system. In the five existing literatures and studies, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk are the determinants of variables which used to measure and examine the intention of use or behavioral intention. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Perceived usefulness is defined as the user’s perception of the probability of using a system will increase his or her job performance and perceived ease of use is defined as the perception of the degree of effort the user needs to use the system (Azmi and Bee, 2010; Fu et al., 2006). Perceived risk is defined as the perception of the amount of loss or uncertainty that a user will encounter while pursuing a desired outcome (Ng and Bee. 2010; Fu et al, 2006; Schaupp et al., 2010). From the mentioned literature, the other factors which used to examine the intention to use included subjective norms/social influence (Fu et al., 2006; Schaupp et al., 2010), self-efficacy (Fu et al, 2006), facilitating conditions (Fu et al., 2006; Schaupp et al., 2010; Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman, 2010), amount of information (Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman, 2010) and optimism bias (Schaupp et al., 2010). Based on the findings, all the results show that the intention of use of e-filing system was largely driven by perceived usefulness. This result  indicates that the behavioral intention of users will increase when perceived usefulness increase because taxpayers would like to have a system which is useful to them. Past researches were inconsistent on whether perceived ease of use was significant positively influence the intention of use. Azmi and Bee (2010) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010) found that perceived ease of use was positively affected behavioral intention. On the other hand, Azmi et al. (2012), Fu et al. (2006) and Schaupp et al. (2010) shows that perceived ease of use was negatively affected behavioral intention which was insignificant influence. The contrary results might reveal some taxpayers do not think that an easy system could affect their intention to use e-filing system because they might have their own point of view. While some other taxpayers would like to have an easier system to assist them in dealing with tax return. According to Azmi and Bee (2010), Azmi et al. (2012) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010), they found that perceived ease of use has the significant positive influence on perceived usefulness. This justifies that a user-friendly system is considered as useful system to consumers.